can be acted upon。 That principle is that a man shall be free to bind himself as security for the repayment of a loan； that is to pledge himself to work for his rations until such time as he has repaid capital and interest。 An illustration or two will explain what I mean。 Here is a carpenter who comes to our Labour shed； he is an honest； decent man； who has by sickness or some other calamity been reduced to destitution。 He has by degrees pawned one article after another to keep body and soul together； until at last he has been compelled to pawn his tools。 We register him； and an employer comes along who wants a carpenter whom we can recommend。 We at once suggest this man； but then arises this difficulty。 He has no tools； what are we to do？ As things are at present； the man loses the job and continues on our hands。 Obviously it is most desirable in the interest of the community that the man should get his tools out of pawn； but who is to take the responsibility of advancing the money to redeem them？ This difficulty might be met； I think； by the man entering into a legal undertaking to make over his wages to us； or such proportion of them as would be convenient to his circumstances； we in return undertaking to find him in food and shelter until such time as he has repaid the advance made。 That obligation it would be the truest kindness to enforce with Rhadamantine severity。 Until the man is out of debt he is not his own master。 All that he can make over his actual rations and Shelter money should belong to his creditor。 Of course such an arrangement might be varied indefinitely by private agreement； the repayment of instalments could be spread ever a longer or shorter time； but the mainstay of the whole principle would be the execution of a legal agreement by which the man makes over the whole product of his labour to the Bank until he has repaid； his debt。
Take another instance。 A clerk who has been many years in a situation and has a large family； which he has brought up respectably and educated。 He has every prospect of retiring in a few years upon a superannuating allowance； but is suddenly confronted by a claim often through no fault of his own； of a sum of fifty or a hundred pounds； which is quite beyond his means。 He has been a careful saving man； who has never borrowed a penny in his life； and does not know where to turn in his emergency。 If he can not raise this money he will be sold up； his family will be scattered； his situation and his prospective pension will be lost； and blank ruin will stare him in the face。 Now； were he in receipt of an income of ten times the amount； he would probably have a banking account； and； in consequence； be able to secure an advance of all he needed from his banker。 Why should he not be able to pledge his salary； or a portion of it； to an Institution which would enable him to pay off his debt； on terms that； while sufficiently remunerative to the bank； would not unduly embarrass him？
At present what does the poor wretch do？ He consults his friends； who； it is quite possible； are as hard up as himself； or he applies to some loan agency； and as likely as not falls into the hands of sharpers； who indeed； let him have the money； but at interest altogether out of proportion to the risk which they run； and use the advantage which their position gives them to extort every penny he has。 A great black book written within and without in letters of lamentation； mourning； and woe might be written on the dealings of these usurers with their victims in every land。
It is of little service denouncing these extortioners。 They have always existed； and probably always will； but what we can do is to circumscribe the range of their operations and the number of their victims。 This can only be done by a legitimate and merciful provision for these poor creatures in their hours of desperate need； so as to prevent their falling into the hands of these remorseless wretches； who have wrecked the fortunes of thousands； and driven many a decent man to suicide or a premature grave。
There are endless ramifications of this principle； which do not need to be described here； but before leaving the subject I may allude to an evil which is a cruel reality； alas！ to a multitude of unfortunate men and women。 I refer to the working of the Hire System。 The decent poor man or woman who is anxious to earn an honest penny by the use of； it may be a mangle； or a sewing…machine； a lathe； or some other indispensable instrument； and is without the few pounds necessary to buy it； must take it on the Hire Systemthat is to say； for the accommodation of being allowed to pay for the machine by instalments he is charged； in addition to the full market value of his purchase； ten or twenty times the amount of what would be a fair rate of interest； and more than this if he should at any time； through misfortune； fail in his payment； the total amount already paid will be confiscated； the machine seized； and the money lost。
Here again we fall back on our analogy of what goes on in a small community where neighbours know each other。 Take； for instance； when a lad who is recognised as bright； promising； honest； and industrious； who wants to make a start in life which requires some little outlay； his better…to…do neighbour will often assist him by providing the capital necessary to enable him to make a way for himself in the world。 The neighbour does this because he knows the lad； because the family is at least related by ties of neighbourhood； and the honour of the lad's family is a security upon which a man may safely advance a small sum。 All this would equally apply to a destitute widow； an artizan suddenly thrown out of work； an orphan family； or the like。 In the large City all this kindly helpfulness disappears； and with it go all those small acts of service which are； as it were； the buffers which save men from being crushed to death against the iron walls of circumstances。 We must try to replace them in some way or other if we are to get back； not to the Garden of Eden； but to the ordinary conditions of life； as they exist in a healthy； small community。 No institution； it is true； can ever replace the magic bond of personal friendship； but if we have the whole mass of Society permeated in every direction by brotherly associations established for the purpose of mutual help and sympathising counsel； it is not an impossible thing to believe that we shall be able to do something to restore the missing element in modern civilisation。
SECTION 4。THE POOR MAN'S LAWYER。
The moment you set about dealing with the wants of the people； you discover that many of their difficulties are not material； but moral。 There never was a greater mistake than to imagine that you have only to fill a man's stomach； and clothe his back in order to secure his happiness。 Man is； much more than a digestive apparatus； liable to get out of order。 Hence； while it is important to remember that man has a stomach； it is also necessary to bear in mind that he has a heart； and a mind that is frequently sorely troubled by difficulties which； if he lived in a friendly world； would often disappear。 A man； and still more a woman； stands often quite as much in need of a trusted adviser as he or she does of a dinner or a dress。 Many a poor soul is miserable all the day long； and gets dragged down deeper and deeper into the depths of sin and sorrow and despair for want of a sympathising friend； who can give her advice； and make her feel that somebody in the world cares for her； and will help her if they can。
If we are to bring back the sense of brotherhood to the world； we must confront this difficulty。 God； it was said in old time； setteth the desolate in families； but somehow； in our time； the desolate wander alone in the midst of a careless and unsympathising world。 〃There is no…one who cares for my soul。 There is no creature loves me； and if I die no one will pity me；〃 is surely one of the bitterest cries that can burst from a breaking heart。 One of the secrets of the success of the Salvation Army is； that the friendless of the world find friends in it。 There is not one sinner in the world no matter how degraded and dirty he may bewhom my people will not rejoice to take by the hand and pray with； and labour for； if thereby they can but snatch him as a brand from the burning。 Now； we want to make more use of this； to make the Salvation Army the nucleus of a great agency for bringing comfort and counsel to those who are at their wits' end； feeling as if in the whole world there was no one to whom they could go。
What we want to do is to exemplify to the world the family idea。 〃Our Father〃 is the keynote。 One is Our Father； then all we are brethren。 But in a family； if anyone is troubled in mind or conscience； there is no difficulty。 The daughter goes to her father； or the son to his mother； and pour out their soul's troubles； and are relieved。 If there is any serious difficulty a family council is held； and all unite their will and their resources to get matters put straight。 This is what we mean to try to get done in the New Organisation of Society for which we are labouring。 We cannot know better than God Almighty what will do good to man。 We are content to follow on His lines； and to mend the world we shall seek to restore something of the family idea to the many hundreds of thousandsay； millionswho have no one wiser or more experienced than themselves； to whom they can take their sorrows； or consult in their difficulties。
Of course we can do this but imperfectly。 Only God can create a mother。 But Society needs a great deal of mothering； much more than it gets。 And as a child needs a mother to run to in its difficulties and troubles； to whom it can let out its little heart in confidence； so men and women； weary and worn in the battles of life； need someone to whom they can go when pressed down with a sense of wrongs suffered or done； knowing that their confidence will be preserved inviolate； and that their statements will be received with sympathy。 I propose to attempt to meet this want。 I shall establish a department； over which I shall place the wisest； the pitifullest； and the most sagacious men and women whom I can find