itself； and eschew revenge； and calmly； proudly retain its tranquillity of soul。 In short； whatever avails to form a boy into a man of assured character； that did Alexander Petrovitch employ during the pupil's youth； as well as constantly put him to the test。 How well he understood the art of life！
Of assistant tutors he kept but few； since most of the necessary instruction he imparted in person； and； without pedantic terminology and inflated diction and views； could so transmit to his listeners the inmost spirit of a lesson that even the youngest present absorbed its essential elements。 Also； of studies he selected none but those which may help a boy to become a good citizen； and therefore most of the lectures which he delivered consisted of discourses on what may be awaiting a youth； as well as of such demarcations of life's field that the pupil； though seated； as yet； only at the desk； could beforehand bear his part in that field both in thought and spirit。 Nor did the master CONCEAL anything。 That is to say； without mincing words； he invariably set before his hearers the sorrows and the difficulties which may confront a man； the trials and the temptations which may beset him。 And this he did in terms as though； in every possible calling and capacity； he himself had experienced the same。 Consequently； either the vigorous development of self…respect or the constant stimulus of the master's eye （which seemed to say to the pupil； 〃Forward！〃that word which has become so familiar to the contemporary Russian； that word which has worked such wonders upon his sensitive temperament）； one or the other； I repeat； would from the first cause the pupil to tackle difficulties； and only difficulties； and to hunger for prowess only where the path was arduous； and obstacles were many； and it was necessary to display the utmost strength of mind。 Indeed； few completed the course of which I have spoken without issuing therefrom reliable； seasoned fighters who could keep their heads in the most embarrassing of official positions； and at times when older and wiser men； distracted with the annoyances of life； had either abandoned everything or； grown slack and indifferent； had surrendered to the bribe…takers and the rascals。 In short； no ex…pupil of Alexander Petrovitch ever wavered from the right road； but； familiar with life and with men； armed with the weapons of prudence； exerted a powerful influence upon wrongdoers。
For a long time past the ardent young Tientietnikov's excitable heart had also beat at the thought that one day he might attain the senior class described。 And； indeed； what better teacher could he have had befall him than its preceptor？ Yet just at the moment when he had been transferred thereto； just at the moment when he had reached the coveted position； did his instructor come suddenly by his death！ This was indeed a blow for the boyindeed a terrible initial loss！ In his eyes everything connected with the school seemed to undergo a changethe chief reason being the fact that to the place of the deceased headmaster there succeeded a certain Thedor Ivanovitch； who at once began to insist upon certain external rules； and to demand of the boys what ought rightly to have been demanded only of adults。 That is to say； since the lads' frank and open demeanour savoured to him only of lack of discipline； he announced （as though in deliberate spite of his predecessor） that he cared nothing for progress and intellect； but that heed was to be paid only to good behaviour。 Yet； curiously enough； good behaviour was just what he never obtained； for every kind of secret prank became the rule； and while； by day； there reigned restraint and conspiracy； by night there began to take place chambering and wantonness。
Also； certain changes in the curriculum of studies came about； for there were engaged new teachers who held new views and opinions； and confused their hearers with a multitude of new terms and phrases； and displayed in their exposition of things both logical sequence and a zest for modern discovery and much warmth of individual bias。 Yet their instruction； alas！ contained no LIFEin the mouths of those teachers a dead language savoured merely of carrion。 Thus everything connected with the school underwent a radical alteration； and respect for authority and the authorities waned； and tutors and ushers came to be dubbed 〃Old Thedor；〃 〃Crusty；〃 and the like。 And sundry other things began to take placethings which necessitated many a penalty and expulsion； until； within a couple of years； no one who had known the school in former days would now have recognised it。
Nevertheless Tientietnikov； a youth of retiring disposition； experienced no leanings towards the nocturnal orgies of his companions； orgies during which the latter used to flirt with damsels before the very windows of the headmaster's rooms； nor yet towards their mockery of all that was sacred； simply because fate had cast in their way an injudicious priest。 No； despite its dreaminess； his soul ever remembered its celestial origin； and could not be diverted from the path of virtue。 Yet still he hung his head； for； while his ambition had come to life； it could find no sort of outlet。 Truly 'twere well if it had NOT come to life； for throughout the time that he was listening to professors who gesticulated on their chairs he could not help remembering the old preceptor who； invariably cool and calm； had yet known how to make himself understood。 To what subjects； to what lectures； did the boy not have to listen！to lectures on medicine； and on philosophy； and on law； and on a version of general history so enlarged that even three years failed to enable the professor to do more than finish the introduction thereto； and also the account of the development of some self…governing towns in Germany。 None of the stuff remained fixed in Tientietnikov's brain save as shapeless clots； for though his native intellect could not tell him how instruction ought to be imparted； it at least told him that THIS was not the way。 And frequently； at such moments he would recall Alexander Petrovitch； and give way to such grief that scarcely did he know what he was doing。
But youth is fortunate in the fact that always before it there lies a future； and in proportion as the time for his leaving school drew nigh； Tientietnikov's heart began to beat higher and higher； and he said to himself： 〃This is not life； but only a preparation for life。 True life is to be found in the Public Service。 There at least will there be scope for activity。〃 So； bestowing not a glance upon that beautiful corner of the world which never failed to strike the guest or chance visitor with amazement； and reverencing not a whit the dust of his ancestors； he followed the example of most ambitious men of his class by repairing to St。 Petersburg （whither； as we know； the more spirited youth of Russia from every quarter gravitatesthere to enter the Public Service； to shine； to obtain promotion； and； in a word； to scale the topmost peaks of that pale； cold； deceptive elevation which is known as society）。 But the real starting…point of Tientietnikov's ambition was the moment when his uncle （one State Councillor Onifri Ivanovitch） instilled into him the maxim that the only means to success in the Service lay in good handwriting； and that； without that accomplishment； no one could ever hope to become a Minister or Statesman。 Thus； with great difficulty； and also with the help of his uncle's influence； young Tientietnikov at length succeeded in being posted to a Department。 On the day that he was conducted into a splendid； shining halla hall fitted with inlaid floors and lacquered desks as fine as though this were actually the place where the great ones of the Empire met for discussion of the fortunes of the State； on the day that he saw legions of handsome gentlemen of the quill…driving profession making loud scratchings with pens； and cocking their heads to one side； lastly on the day that he saw himself also allotted a desk； and requested to copy a document which appeared purposely to be one of the pettiest possible order （as a matter of fact it related to a sum of three roubles； and had taken half a year to produce）well； at that moment a curious； an unwonted sensation seized upon the inexperienced youth； for the gentlemen around him appeared so exactly like a lot of college students。 And； the further to complete the resemblance； some of them were engaged in reading trashy translated novels； which they kept hurriedly thrusting between the sheets of their apportioned work whenever the Director appeared； as though to convey the impression that it was to that work alone that they were applying themselves。 In short； the scene seemed to Tientietnikov strange； and his former pursuits more important than his present； and his preparation for the Service preferable to the Service itself。 Yes； suddenly he felt a longing for his old school； and as suddenly； and with all the vividness of life； there appeared before his vision the figure of Alexander Petrovitch。 He almost burst into tears as he beheld his old master； and the room seemed to swim before his eyes； and the tchinovniks and the desks to become a blur； and his sight to grow dim。 Then he thought to himself with an effort： 〃No； no！ I WILL apply myself to my work； however petty it be at first。〃 And hardening his heart and recovering his spirit； he determined then and there to perform his duties in such a manner as should be an example to the rest。
But where are compensations to be found？ Even in St。 Petersburg； despite its grim and murky exterior； they exist。 Yes； even though thirty degrees of keen； cracking frost may have bound the streets； and the family of the North Wind be wailing there； and the Snowstorm Witch have heaped high the pavements； and be blinding the eyes； and powdering beards and fur collars and the shaggy manes of horseseven THEN there will be shining hospitably through the swirling snowflakes a fourth…floor window where； in a cosy room； and by the light of modest candles； and to the hiss of the samovar； there will be in progress a discussion which warms the heart and soul； or else a reading aloud of a brilliant page of one of those inspired Russian poets with whom God has dowered