fabre, poet of science- 第16部分

or　less　prolonged。　The　insect　〃feigns　death；〃　not　because　it　simulates

death；　but　in　reality　because　this　MAGNETIC　condition　resembles　that　of

death。　（7/9。）　Now　the　Odynerus；　the　Anthidium；　the　Eucera；　the　Ammophila；

and　all　the　hymenoptera　which　Fabre　has　observed　sleeping　at　the　fall　of

night；　〃suspended　in　space　solely　by　the　strength　of　their　mandibles；　their

bodies　tense；　their　limbs　retracted；　without　exhaustion　or　collapse〃；　and

the　larva　of　the　Empusa；　〃which　for　some　ten　months　hangs　to　a　twig　by　its

limbs；　head　downwards〃：　do　not　these　present　a　surprising　analogy　with

those　hypnotized　persons　who　possess　the　faculty　of　remaining　fixed　in　the

most　painful　poses；　and　of　supporting　the　most　unusual　attitudes；　for　an

extremely　long　time；　for　instance；　with　one　arm　extended；　or　one　foot

raised　from　the　ground；　without　appearing　to　experience　the　least　fatigue；

and　with　a　persevering　and　unfaltering　energy？　（7/10。）



That　the　ex…schoolmaster　was　able　to　penetrate　so　far　into　this　new　world；

and　that　he　has　been　able　to　interest　us　in　so　many　fascinating　problems；

was　due　to　the　fact　that　he　had　also　〃taken　a　wide　bird's…eye　view　through

all　the　windows　of　creation。〃　His　universal　capabilities；　his　immense

culture　and　almost　encyclopaedic　science　have　enabled　him　to　utilize；

thanks　to　his　studies；　all　the　knowledge　allied　to　his　subject。　He　is　not

one　of　those　who　understand　only　their　speciality　and　who；　knowing　nothing

outside　their　own　province　and　their　particular　labours；　refuse　to　grasp　at

anything　beyond　the　narrow　limits　within　which　they　stand　installed。



All　plants　are　to　him　so　familiar　that　the　flowers；　for　him；　assume　the

airs　of　living　persons。　But　without　a　profound　knowledge　of　botany；　who

would　hope　to　grasp　the　profound；　perpetual；　and　intimate　relations　of　the

plant　and　the　insect？



He　has　turned　over　strata　and　interrogated　the　schistous　deposits；　whose

archives　preserve　the　forms　of　vanished　organizations；　but　〃keep　silence　as

to　the　origin　of　the　instincts。〃　Bending　over　his　reagents；　he　has　sought

to　discover；　according　to　the　phrase　of　a　philosopher；　those　secret

retreats　in　which　Nature　is　seated　before　her　furnaces；　in　the　depths　of

her　laboratory；　following　up　the　metamorphoses　of　matter　even　to　the　wings

of　the　Scarabaei；　and　observing　how　life；　returning　to　her　crucible　the

debris　and　ashes　of　the　organism；　combines　the　elements　anew；　and　from　the

elements　of　the　urine　can　derive；　for　example；　by　a　simple　displacement　of

molecules；　〃all　this　dazzling　magic　of　colours　of　innumerable　shades：　the

amethystine　violet　of　Geotrupes；　the　emerald　of　the　rose…beetle；　the　gilded

green　of　the　Cantharides；　the　metallic　lustre　of　the　gardener…beetles；　and

all　the　pomp　of　the　Buprestes　and　the　dung…beetles。〃　（7/11。）



His　books　are　steeped　in　all　the　ideas　of　modern　physics。　The　highest

mathematical　knowledge　has　been　referred　to　with　profit　in　his　marvellous

description　of　the　hunting…net　of　the　Epe？ra。　Whose　〃terribly　scientific〃

combinations　realize　〃the　spiral　logarithm　of　the　geometers；　so　curious　in

its　properties〃　（7/12。）；　a　splendid　observation；　in　which　Fabre　makes　us

admire；　in　the　humble　web　of　a　spider；　a　masterpiece　as　astonishing　and

incomprehensible　as　and　even　more　sublime　than　the　honeycomb。



This　explains　why　Fabre　has　always　energetically　denied　that　he　is　properly

speaking　an　entomologist；　and　indeed　the　term　appears　often　wrongly　to

describe　him。　He　loves；　on　the　contrary；　to　call　himself　a　naturalist；　that

is；　a　biologist；　biology　being；　by　definition；　the　study　of　living

creatures　considered　as　a　whole　and　from　every　point　of　view。　And　as

nothing　in　life　is　isolated；　as　all　things　hold　together；　and　as　each　part；

in　all　its　relations；　presents　itself　to　the　gaze　of　the　observer　under

innumerable　aspects；　one　cannot　be　a　true　naturalist　without　being　at　the

same　time　a　philosopher。



But　it　is　not　enough　to　know　and　to　observe。



To　be　admitted　to　the　spectacle　of　these　tiny　creatures；　to　become　familiar

with　their　habits；　to　grasp　the　mysterious　threads　which　connect　them　one

with　another　and　with　the　vast　universe：　for　this　the　cold　and　deliberate

vision　of　the　specialist　would　often　be　insufficient。　There　is　an　art　of

observation；　and　the　gift　of　observation　is　a　true　function　of　that

constantly　alert　intelligence；　continually　dominated　by　the　need　of　delving

untiringly　down　to　the　ultimate　truth　accessible；　〃allowing　ourselves　to

pass　over　nothing　without　seeking　its　reason；　and　habitually　following　up

every　response　with　another　question；　until　we　come　to　the　granite　wall　of

the　Unknowable。〃　Above　all　we　need　an　ardent　and　interested　sympathy；　for

〃we　penetrate　farther　into　the　secret　of　things　by　the　heart　than　by　the

reason；〃　as　Toussenel　has　said；　and　〃it　is　only　by　intuition　that　we　can

know　what　life　truly　is；〃　adds　Bergson　profoundly。　（7/13。）　Now　Fabre　loves

these　little　peoples　and　knows　how　to　make　us　love　them。　How　tenderly　he

speaks　of　them；　with　what　solicitude　he　observes　them；　with　what　love　he

follows　the　progress　of　their　nurslings；　the　young　grubs　wriggling　in　his

test…tubes；　with　doddering　heads；　are　happy；　and　he　himself　is　happy　to　see

them　〃well…fed　and　shining　with　health。〃　He　pities　the　bee　stabbed　by　the

Philanthus　〃in　the　holy　joys　of　labour。〃　He　sympathizes　with　the　sufferings

of　these　little　creatures　and　their　hard　labours。　If；　in　his　search　for

ideas；　he　has　to　overturn　their　dwellings；　〃he　repents　of　subjecting

maternal　love　to　such　tribulations；〃　and　if　he　is　constrained　to　put　them

to　the　question；　to　torment　them　in　order　to　extract　their　secrets；　he　is

grieved　to　have　provoked　〃such　miseries！〃　（7/14。）　Having　provided　for　their

needs；　and　satisfied　with　the　secrets　which　they　have　revealed　to　him；　it

is　not　without　regret　and　difficulty　that　he　parts　from　them　and　restores

them　〃to　the　delights　of　liberty。〃



He　is　thoroughly　convinced；　moreover；　that　all　the　creatures　that　share　the

face　of　the　earth　with　us　are　accomplishing　an　august　and　appointed　task。

He　welcomes　the　swallows　to　his　dwelling；　even　surrendering　his　workroom　to

them；　at　the　risk　of　jeopardizing　his　notes　and　books。　He　pleads　for　the

frog；　and　applies　himself　to　setting　forth　his　unknown　qualities；　he

rehabilitates　the　bat；　the　hedgehog；　and　the　screech…owl；　persecuted；

defamed；　crushed；　stoned；　and　crucified！　（7/15。）



So　intimate　is　the　life　which　he　leads　among　them　all　that　he　makes　himself

truly　their　companion；　and　relates　his　own　history　in　narrating　theirs；

pleased　to　discover　in　their　joys　and　sorrows　his　own　trials　and　delights；

mingling　in　their　annals　his　memories　and　his　impressions；　delightful

fragments　of　a　childlike　autobiography；　encrusted　in　his　learned　work；

moving　and　delightful　pages　in　which　all　the　ingenuity　of　this　noble　mind

reveals　itself　with　a　touching　sincerity；　in　which　all　the　freshness　of

this　charming　and　so　profoundly　unworldly　nature　is　seen　as　through　a　pure

crystal。



There　is　no　real　communion　with　nature　without　sentiment；　without　an

illuminating　passion：　often　the　sole　and　effectual　grace　which　enables　its

true　meaning　to　appear。　Neither　taste；　nor　intelligence；　nor　logic；　nor　all

the　science　of　the　schools　can　suffice　alone。　To　see　further　there　is

needed　something　like　a　gift　of　correspondence；　surpassing　the　limits　of

observation　and　experience；　which　enables　us　to　foresee　and　to　divine　the

profound　secrets　of　life　which　lie　beneath　appearances。　Those　who　are　so

gifted　have　often　only　to　open　their　eyes　in　order　to　grasp　matters　in

their　true　light。



A　great　observer　is　in　reality　a　poet　who　imagines　and　creates。　The

microscope；　the　magnifying　glass；　the　scalpel；　are　as　it　were　the　strings

of　a　lyre。　〃The　felicitous　and　fruitful　hypothesis　which　constitutes

scientific　invention　is　a　gift　of　sentiment〃　in　the　words　of　Claude

Bernard；　and　of　this　king　of　physiology；　who　commenced　by　proving　himself

in　works　of　pure　imagination；　and　whose　genius　finally　took　for　its　theme

the　manifold　variations　of　living　flesh；　of　him　too　may　we　not　say　that　he

has　explored　the　labyrinths　of　life　with　〃the　torch　of　poetry　in　his　hand〃？



Similarly；　do　not　the　harmonious　sequences　which　run　through　all　the

admirable　discoveries　of　Pasteur　give　us　the　sensation　of　a　veritable　and

gigantic　poem？



In　Fabre　also　it　seems　that　the　passion　which　he　brings　to　all　his　patient

observations　is　in　itself　truly　creative：　〃his　heart　beats　with　emotion；

the　sweat　drips　from　his　brow　to　the　soil；　making　mortar　of　the　dust〃；　he

forgets　food　and　drink；　and　〃thus　passes　hours　of　oblivion　in　the　happiness

of　learning。〃　I　have　seen　him　in　his　laboratory　studying　the　spawning　of

the　bluebottle；　when　I；　at　his　side；　could　scarcely　support　the　horrible

stench　which　rose　from　the　putrefying　adders　and　lumps　of　meat；　he；

however；　was　oblivious　of　the　frightful　odour；　and　his　face　was　inundated

with　smiles　of　delight。



Intelligence；　then；　must　here　be　the　servant　of　feeling　and　intuition；　a

kind　of　primitive　faculty；　mysterious　and　instinctive；　which　alone　makes　a

great　naturalist　like　Fabre；　a　great　historian　like　Michelet；　a　great

physician　like　Boherhaave　or　Bretonneau。



These　last　are　not　always　the　most　scholarly　nor　the　most　learned　nor　the

most　patient；　but　they　are　those　who　possess　in　a　high　degree　that　special

vision；　that　gift；　properly　speaking　poetic；　which　is　known　as　the　clinical

eye；　which　at　the　first　glance　perceives　and　confirms　the　diagnosis　in　all

its　detail。



Fabre　has　a　mind　propitious　to　such　processes；　and　if；　by　chance；

circumstances　had　directed　his　attention　to　medicine；　that　science　which　is

based　upon　an　abundant　provision　of　facts；　but　in　which　good　sense　and　a

kind　of　divination　play　a　still　wider　part；　there　is　no　doubt　that　he　would

have　been　capable　of　becoming　a　shining　light　in　this　new　arena。



He　was　f