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proper by the tubercles or warts which stud the outer covering of 

the animal。  In B。 gemmacea these warts are arranged symmetrically; 

so as to give a peculiarly jewelled appearance to the body。  Being 

of a large size; the tentacles of B。 crassicornis exhibit in great 

perfection the adhesive powers produced by the nettling threads 

which proceed from them。





CARYOPHYLLAEA SMITHII。  PL。 VI。 FIG。 3。





This figure is to show a whiter variety; with the flesh and 

tentacles fully expanded







PLATE VIII。







MOLLUSCA。



NASSA RETICULATA。  PL。 VIII。 fig。 2; A; B; C; D; E; F





A VERY active Mollusc; given here chiefly on account of the 

opportunity afforded by the birth of young fry in Mr。 Lloyd's 

tanks。  The NASSA feeds on small animalcules; for which; in 

aquaria; it may be seen routing among the sand and stones; 

sometimes burying itself among them so as only to show its caudal 

tube moving along between them。  A pair of Nassae in Mr。 Lloyd's 

collection; deposited; on the 5th of April; about fifty capsules or 

bags of eggs upon the stems of weeds (fig。 2 B); each capsule 

contained about a hundred eggs。  The capsules opened on the 16th of 

May; permitting the escape of rotiferous fry (fig。 2; C; D; E); not 

in the slightest degree resembling the parent; but presenting 

minute nautilus…shaped transparent shells。  These shells rather 

hang on than cover the bodies; which have a pair of lobes; around 

which vibrate minute cilia in such a manner as to give them an 

appearance of rotatory motion。  Under a lens they may be seen 

moving about very actively in various positions; but always with 

the look of being moved by rapidly turning wheels。  We should have 

been glad to witness the next step towards assuming their ultimate 

form; but were disappointed; as the embryos died。  Fig。 2 F is the 

tongue of a Nassa; from a photograph by Dr。 Kingsley。







Footnotes:



(1) SERTULARIA OPERCULATA and GEMELLARIA LOCICULATA; or any of the 

small SERTULARIAE; compared with CRISIAE and CELLULARIAE; are very 

good examples。  For a fuller description of these; see Appendix 

explaining Plate I。



(2) If any inland reader wishes to see the action of this foot; in 

the bivalve Molluscs; let him look at the Common Pond…Mussel 

(Anodon Cygneus); which he will find in most stagnant waters; and 

see how he burrows with it in the mud; and how; when the water is 

drawn off; he walks solemnly into deeper water; leaving a furrow 

behind him。



(3) These shells are so common that I have not cared to figure 

them。



(4) Plate IX。 Fig。 3; represents both parasites on the dead 

Turritella。



(5) A few words on him; and on sea…anemones in general; may be 

found in Appendix II。  But full details; accompanied with beautiful 

plates; may be found in Mr。 Gosse's work on British sea…anemones 

and madrepores; which ought to be in every seaside library。



(6) Handbook to the Marine Aquarium of the Crystal Palace。



(7) An admirable paper on this extraordinary family may be found in 

the Zoological Society's Proceedings for July 1858; by Messrs。 S。 

P。 Woodward and the late lamented Lucas Barrett。  See also 

Quatrefages; I。 82; or Synapta Duvernaei。



(8) Thalassema Neptuni (Forbes' British Star…Fishes; p。 259);



(9) The Londoner may see specimens of them at the Zoological 

Gardens and at the Crystal Palace; as also of the rare and 

beautiful Sabella; figured in the same plate; and of the 

Balanophyllia; or a closely…allied species; from the Mediterranean; 

mentioned in p。 109。



(10) A Naturalist's Rambles on the Devonshire Coast; p。 110。



(11) Balanophyllia regia; Plate V。 fig。 1。



(12) Amphidotus cordatus。



(13) Echinus miliaris; Plate VII。



(14) See Professor Sedgwick's last edition of the 〃Discourses on 

the Studies of Cambridge。〃



(15) Fissurella graeca; Plate X。 fig。 5。



(16) Doris tuberculata and bilineata。



(17) Eolis papi losa。  A Doris and an Eolis; though not of these 

species; are figured in Plate X。



(18) Plate III。



(19) Certain Parisian zoologists have done me the honour to hint 

that this description was a play of fancy。  I can only answer; that 

I saw it with my own eyes in my own aquarium。  I am not; I hope; in 

the habit of drawing on my fancy in the presence of infinitely more 

marvellous Nature。  Truth is quite strange enough to be interesting 

without lies。



(20) Saxicava rugosa; Plate XI。 fig。 2。



(21) Plate VIII。 represents the common Nassa; with the still more 

common Littorina littorea; their teeth…studded palates; and the 

free swimming young of the Nassa。  (VIDE Appendix。)



(22) Cyproea Europoea。



(23) Botrylli。



(24) Molluscs。



Doris tuberculata。

… bilineata。

Eolis papillosa。

Pleurobranchus plumila。

Neritina。

Cypraea。

Trochus; … 2 species。

Mangelia。

Triton。

Trophon。

Nassa; … 2 species。

Cerithium。

Sigaretus。

Fissurella。

Arca lactea。

Pecten pusio。

Tapes pullastra。

Kellia suborbicularis。

Shaenia Binghami。

Saxicava rugosa。

Gastrochoena pholadia。

Pholas parva。

Anomiae; …2 or 3 species

Cynthia;…2 species。

Botryllus;  do。



ANNELIDS。



Phyllodoce; and other Nereid worms。

Polynoe squamata。



CRUSTACEA。



4 or 5 species。



ECHINODERMS。



Echinus miliaris。

Asterias gibbosa。

Ophiocoma neglecla。

Cucumaria Hyndmanni。

… communis。



POLYPES。



Sertularia pumila。

… rugosa。

… fallax。

… filicula。

Plumularia falcata。

… setacea。

Laomedea geniculata。

Campanularia volubilis。

Actinia mesembryanthemum。

Actinia clavata。

… anguicoma。

… crassicornis。

Tubulipora patina。

… hispida。

… serpens。

Crisia eburnea。

Cellepora pumicosa。

Lepraliae;… many species。

Membranipora pilosa。

Cellularia ciliata。

… scruposa。

… reptans。

Flustra membranacea; &c。



(25) Plate XI。 fig。 1。



(26) Plate X。 fig。 1。



(27) There are very fine specimens in the Crystal Palace。



(28) Coryne ramosa。



(29) Campanularia integra。



(30) Crisidia Eburnea。



(31) Aquarium; p。 163。



(32) P。 34。  Figures of it are given in Plate VIII。



(33) P。 259。



(34) But if any young lady; her aquarium having failed; shall (as 

dozens do) cast out the same Anacharis into the nearest ditch; she 

shall be followed to her grave by the maledictions of all millers 

and trout…fishers。  Seriously; this is a wanton act of injury to 

the neighbouring streams; which must be carefully guarded against。  

As well turn loose queen…wasps to build in your neighbour's banks。



(35) Very highly also; in interest; ranks M。 Quatrefages' 〃Rambles 

of a Naturalist〃 (about the Mediterranean and the French Coast); 

translated by M。 Otte。



(36) Van Voorst & Co。 price 3s。











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