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own river。  For not only do most of these flies vary in colour in 

different soils and climates; but many of them change their hue 

during life; the Ephemerae; especially; have a habit of throwing 

off the whole of their skins (even; marvellously enough; to the 

skin of the eyes and wings; and the delicate 〃whisks〃 at their 

tail); and appearing in an utterly new garb after ten minutes' 

rest; to the discomfiture of the astonished angler。



The natural history of these flies; I understand from Mr。 Stainton 

(one of our most distinguished entomologists); has not yet been 

worked out; at least for England。  The only attempt; I believe; in 

that direction is one made by a charming book; 〃The Fly…fisher's 

Entomology;〃 which should be in every good angler's library; but 

why should not a few fishermen combine to work out the subject for 

themselves; and study for the interests both of science and their 

own sport; 〃The Wonders of the Bank?〃  The work; petty as it may 

seem; is much too great for one man; so prodigal is Nature of her 

forms; in the stream as in the ocean; but what if a correspondence 

were opened between a few fishermen … of whom one should live; say; 

by the Hampshire or Berkshire chalk streams; another on the slates 

and granites of Devon; another on the limestones of Yorkshire or 

Derbyshire; another among the yet earlier slates of Snowdonia; or 

some mountain part of Wales; and more than one among the hills of 

the Border and the lakes of the Highlands?  Each would find (I 

suspect); on comparing his insects with those of the others; that 

he was exploring a little peculiar world of his own; and that with 

the exception of a certain number of typical forms; the flies of 

his county were unknown a hundred miles away; or; at least; 

appeared there under great differences of size and colour; and 

each; if he would take the trouble to collect the caddises and 

water…crickets; and breed them into the perfect fly in an aquarium; 

would see marvels in their transformations; their instincts; their 

anatomy; quite as great (though not; perhaps; as showy and 

startling) as I have been trying to point out on the sea…shore。  

Moreover; each and every one of the party; I will warrant; will 

find his fellow…correspondents (perhaps previously unknown to him) 

men worth knowing; not; it may be; of the meditative and half…

saintly type of dear old Izaak Walton (who; after all; was no fly…

fisher; but a sedentary 〃popjoy〃 guilty of float and worm); but 

rather; like his fly…fishing disciple Cotton; good fellows and men 

of the world; and; perhaps; something better over and above。



The suggestion has been made。  Will it ever be taken up; and a 

〃Naiad Club〃 formed; for the combination of sport and science?



And; now; how can this desultory little treatise end more usefully 

than in recommending a few books on Natural History; fit for the 

use of young people; and fit to serve as introductions to such 

deeper and larger works as Yarrell's 〃Birds and Fishes;〃 Bell's 

〃Quadrupeds〃 and 〃Crustacea;〃 Forbes and Hanley's 〃Mollusca;〃 

Owen's 〃Fossil Mammals and Birds;〃 and a host of other admirable 

works?  Not that this list will contain all the best; but simply 

the best of which the writer knows; let; therefore; none feel 

aggrieved; if; as it may chance; opening these pages; they find 

their books omitted。



First and foremost; certainly; come Mr。 Gosse's books。  There is a 

playful and genial spirit in them; a brilliant power of word…

painting combined with deep and earnest religious feeling; which 

makes them as morally valuable as they are intellectually 

interesting。  Since White's 〃History of Selborne;〃 few or no 

writers on Natural History; save Mr。 Gosse; Mr。 G。 H。 Lewes; and 

poor Mr。 E。 Forbes; have had the power of bringing out the human 

side of science; and giving to seemingly dry disquisitions and 

animals of the lowest type; by little touches of pathos and humour; 

that living and personal interest; to bestow which is generally the 

special function of the poet:  not that Waterton and Jesse are not 

excellent in this respect; and authors who should be in every boy's 

library:  but they are rather anecdotists than systematic or 

scientific inquirers; while Mr。 Gosse; in his 〃Naturalist on the 

Shores of Devon;〃 his 〃Tour in Jamaica;〃 his 〃Tenby;〃 and his 

〃Canadian Naturalist;〃 has done for those three places what White 

did for Selborne; with all the improved appliances of a science 

which has widened and deepened tenfold since White's time。  Mr。 

Gosse's 〃Manual of the Marine Zoology of the British Isles〃 is; for 

classification; by far the completest handbook extant。  He has 

contrived in it to compress more sound knowledge of vast classes of 

the animal kingdom than I ever saw before in so small a space。 (35)



Miss Anne Pratt's 〃Things of the Sea…coast〃 is excellent; and still 

better is Professor Harvey's 〃Sea…side Book;〃 of which it is 

impossible to speak too highly; and most pleasant it is to see a 

man of genius and learning thus gathering the bloom of his varied 

knowledge; to put it into a form equally suited to a child and a 

SAVANT。  Seldom; perhaps; has there been a little book in which so 

vast a quantity of facts have been told so gracefully; simply; 

without a taint of pedantry or cumbrousness … an excellence which 

is the sure and only mark of a perfect mastery of the subject。  Mr。 

G。 H。 Lewes's 〃Sea…shore Studies〃 are also very valuable; hardly 

perhaps a book for beginners; but from his admirable power of 

description; whether of animals or of scenes; is interesting for 

all classes of readers。



Two little 〃Popular〃 Histories … one of British Zoophytes; the 

other of British Sea…weeds; by Dr。 Landsborough (since dead of 

cholera; at Saltcoats; the scene of his energetic and pious 

ministry) … are very excellent; and are furnished; too; with well…

drawn and coloured plates; for the comfort of those to whom a 

scientific nomenclature (as liable as any other human thing to be 

faulty and obscure) conveys but a vague conception of the objects。  

These may serve well for the beginner; as introductions to 

Professor Harvey's large work on British Algae; and to the new 

edition of Professor Johnston's invaluable 〃British Zoophytes;〃 

Miss Gifford's 〃Marine Botanist;〃 third edition; and Dr。 Cocks's 

〃Sea…weed Collector's Guide;〃 have also been recommended by a high 

authority。



For general Zoology the best books for beginners are; perhaps; as a 

general introduction; the Rev。 J。 A。 L。 Wood's 〃Popular Zoology;〃 

full of excellent plates; and for systematic Zoology; Mr。 Gosse's 

four little books; on Mammals; Birds; Reptiles; and Fishes; 

published with many plates; by the Christian Knowledge Society; at 

a marvellously cheap rate。  For miscroscopic animalcules; Miss 

Agnes Catlow's 〃Drops of Water〃 will teach the young more than they 

will ever remember; and serve as a good introduction to those 

teeming abysses of the unseen world; which must be afterwards 

traversed under the guidance of Hassall and Ehrenberg。



For Ornithology; there is no book; after all; like dear old Bewick; 

PASSE though he may be in a scientific point of view。  There is a 

good little British ornithology; too; published in Sir W。 Jardine's 

〃Naturalist's Library;〃 and another by Mr。 Gosse。  And Mr。 Knox's 

〃Ornithological Rambles in Sussex;〃 with Mr。 St。 John's 〃Highland 

Sports;〃 and 〃Tour in Sutherlandshire;〃 are the monographs of 

naturalists; gentlemen; and sportsmen; which remind one at every 

page (and what higher praise can one give?) of White's 〃History of 

Selborne。〃  These last; with Mr。 Gosse's 〃Canadian Naturalist;〃 and 

his little book 〃The Ocean;〃 not forgetting Darwin's delightful 

〃Voyage of the Beagle and Adventure;〃 ought to be in the hands of 

every lad who is likely to travel to our colonies。



For general Geology; Professor Ansted's Introduction is excellent; 

while; as a specimen of the way in which a single district may be 

thoroughly worked out; and the universal method of induction learnt 

from a narrow field of objects; what book can; or perhaps ever 

will; compare with Mr。 Hugh Miller's 〃Old Red Sandstone〃?



For this last reason; I especially recommend to the young the Rev。 

C。 A。 Johns's 〃Week at the Lizard;〃 as teaching a young person how 

much there is to be seen and known within a few square miles of 

these British Isles。  But; indeed; all Mr。 Johns's books are good 

(as they are bound to be; considering his most accurate and varied 

knowledge); especially his 〃Flowers of the Field;〃 the best cheap 

introduction to systematic botany which has yet appeared。  Trained; 

and all but self…trained; like Mr。 Hugh Miller; in a remote and 

narrow field of observation; Mr。 Johns has developed himself into 

one of our most acute and persevering botanists; and has added many 

a new treasure to the Flora of these isles; and one person; at 

least; owes him a deep debt of gratitude for first lessons in 

scientific accuracy and patience; … lessons taught; not dully and 

dryly at the book and desk; but livingly and genially; in 

adventurous rambles over the bleak cliffs and ferny woods of the 

wild Atlantic shore; …





〃Where the old fable of the guarded mount

Looks toward Namancos and Bayona's hold。〃





Mr。 Henfrey's 〃Rudiments of Botany〃 might accompany Mr。 Johns's 

books。  Mr。 Babington's 〃Manual of British Botany〃 is also most 

compact and highly finished; and seems the best work which I know 

of from which a student somewhat advanced in English botany can 

verify species; while for ferns; Moore's 〃Handbook〃 is probably the 

best for beginners。



For Entomology; which; after all; is the study most fit for boys 

(as Botany is for girls) who have no opportunity for visiting the 

sea…shore; Catlow's 〃Popular British Entomology;〃 having coloured 
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