ether hide this blazing target for the sportsman's gun； too often fired at the instigation of city milliners。 〃Fine feathers make fine birds〃 and cruel； silly women； the adage might be adapted for latter…day use。 This rarely beautiful tanager； thanks to them； is now only an infrequent flash of beauty in our country roads。
Instinct leads it to be chary of its charms； and whereas it used to be one of the commonest of bird neighbors； it is now shy and solitary。 An ideal resort for it is a grove of oak or swamp maple near a stream or pond where it can bathe。 Evergreen trees； too； are favorites； possibly because the bird knows how exquisitely its bright scarlet coat is set off by their dark background。
High in the tree…tops he perches； all unsuspected by the visitor passing through the woods below； until a burst of rich； sweet melody directs the opera…glasses suddenly upward。 There we detect him carolling loud and cheerfully； like a robin。 He is an apparition of beauty a veritable bird of paradise； as； indeed； he is sometimes called。 Because of their similar coloring； the tanager and cardinal are sometimes confounded； but an instant's comparison of the two birds shows nothing in common except red feathers； and even those of quite different shades。 The inconspicuous olive…green and yellow of the female tanager's plumage is another striking instance of Nature's unequal distribution of gifts； but if our bright…colored birds have become shockingly few under existing conditions； would any at all remain were the females prominent； like the males； as they brood upon the nest？ Both tanagers construct a rather disorderly…looking nest of fibres and sticks； through which daylight can be seen where it rests securely upon the horizontal branch of some oak or pine tree； but as soon as three or four bluish…green eggs have been laid in the cradle； off goes the father； wearing his tell…tale coat； to a distant tree。 There he sings his sweetest carol to the patient； brooding mate； returning to her side only long enough to feed her with the insects and berries that form their food。
Happily for the young birds' fate； they are clothed at first in motley； dull colors； with here and there only a bright touch of scarlet； yellow； and olive to prove their claim to the parent whose gorgeous plumage must be their admiration。 But after the moulting season it would be a wise tanager that knew its own father。 His scarlet feathers are now replaced by an autumn coat of olive and yellow not unlike his mate's。
PINE GROSBEAK （Pinicola enucleator） Finch family
Called also： PINE BULLFINCH
Length Variously recorded from 6。5 to 11 inches。 Specimen measured 8。5 inches。 About one…fifth smaller than the robin。 Male General color strawberry…red； with some slate…gray fleckings about head； under wings； and on legs。 Tail brown； wings brown； marked with black and white and slate。 A band… shaped series of markings between the shoulders。 Underneath paler red； merging into grayish green。 Heavy； conspicuous bill。 Female Ash…brown。 Head and hind neck yellowish brown； each feather having central dusky streak。 Cheeks and throat yellowish。 Beneath ash…gray； tinged with brownish yellow under tail。 Range British American provinces and northern United States。 Migrations Irregular winter visitors； length of visits as uncertain as their coming。
As inseparable as bees from flowers； so are these beautiful winter visitors from the evergreen woods； where their red feathers； shining against the dark…green background of the trees； give them charming prominence； but they also feed freely upon the buds of various deciduous trees。
South of Canada we may not look for them except in the severest winter weather。 Even then their coming is not to be positively depended upon； but when their caprice or was it an unusually fierce northern blast？ sends them over the Canada border； it is a simple matter to identify them when such brilliant birds are rare。 The brownish…yellow and grayish females and young males； however； always seem to be in the majority with us； though our Canadian friends assure us of the irreproachable morals of this gay bird。
Wherever there are clusters of pine or cedar trees； when there is a flock of pine grosbeaks in the neighborhood； you may expect to find a pair of birds diligently feeding upon the seeds and berries。 No cheerful note escapes them as they persistently gormandize； and； if the truth must be confessed； they appear to be rather stupid and uninteresting； albeit they visit us at a time when we are most inclined to rapture over our bird visitors。 They are said to have a deliciously sweet song in the nesting season。 When； however； few except the Canadian voyageurs hear it。
AMERICAN CROSSBILL （Loxia curvirostra minor） Finch family
Called also： RED CROSSBILL ＇AOU 1998＇
Length 6 to 7 inches。 About the size of the English sparrow。 Male General color Indian red； passing into brownish gray； with red tinge beneath。 Wings （without bands）； also tail； brown； Beak crossed at the tip。 Female General color greenish yellow； with brownish tints。 Dull…yellowish tints on head； throat； breast； and underneath。 Wings and tail pale brown。 Beak crossed at tip。 Range Pennsylvania to northern British America。 West of Mississippi； range more southerly。 Migrations Irregular winter visitor。 November。 Sometimes resident until April。
It is a rash statement to say that a bird is rare simply because you have never seen it in your neighborhood； for while you are going out of the front door your rara avis may be eating the crumbs about your kitchen。 Even with our eyes and ears constantly alert for some fresh bird excitement； our phlegmatic neighbor over the way may be enjoying a visit from a whole flock of the very bird we have been looking and listening for in vain all the year。 The red crossbills are capricious little visitors； it is true； but by no means uncommon。
About the size of an English sparrow； of a brick or Indian red color； for the most part； the peculiarity of its parrot…like beak is its certain mark of identification。
Longfellow has rendered into verse the German legend of the crossbill； which tells that as the Saviour hung upon the cross； a little bird tried to pull out the nails that pierced His hands and feet； thus twisting its beak and staining its feathers with the blood。
At first glance the birds would seem to be hampered by their crossed beaks in getting at the seeds in the pine cones a superficial criticism when the thoroughness and admirable dexterity of their work are better understood。
Various seeds of fruits； berries； and the buds of trees enlarge their bill of fare。 They are said to be inordinately fond of salt。 Mr。 Romeyn B。 Hough tells of a certain old ice…cream freezer that attracted flocks of crossbills one winter； as a salt…lick attracts deer。 Whether the traditional salt that may have stuck to the bird's tail is responsible for its tameness is not related； but it is certain the crossbills； like most bird visitors from the far north； are remarkably gentle； friendly little birds。 As they swing about the pine trees； parrot…fashion； with the help of their bill； calling out kimp； kimp； that sounds like the snapping of the pine cones on a sunny day； it often seems easily possible to catch them with the hand。
There is another species of crossbill； called the White…winged （Loxia leucoptera）； that differs from the preceding chiefly in having two white bands across its wings and in being more rare。
THE REDPOLL （Acanthis linaria） Finch family
Called also： REDPOLL LINNET； LITTLE SNOWBIRD； LESSER REDPOLL； ＇COMMON REDPOLL； AOU 1998＇
Length 5。25 to 5。5 inches。 About an inch shorter than the English sparrow。 Male A rich crimson wash on head； neck； breast； and lower back； that is sometimes only a pink when we see the bird in midwinter。 Grayish…brown； sparrowy feathers show underneath the red wash。 Dusky wings and tail； the feathers more or less edged with whitish。 Soiled white underneath； the sides with dusky streaks。 Bill sharply pointed。 Female More dingy than male； sides more heavily streaked； and having crimson only on the crown。 Range An arctic bird that descends irregularly into the Northern United States。 Migrations An irregular winter visitor。
〃Ere long； amid the cold and powdery snow； as it were a fruit of the season； will come twittering a flock of delicate crimson…tinged birds； lesser redpolls； to sport and feed on the buds just ripe for them on the sunny side of a wood； shaking down the powdery snow there in their cheerful feeding； as if it were high midsummer to them。〃 Thoreau's beautiful description of these tiny winter visitors； which should be read entire； shows the man in one of his most sympathetic； exalted moods； and it is the best brief characterization of the redpoll that we have。
When the arctic cold becomes too cruel for even the snow…birds and crossbills to withstand； flocks of the sociable little redpolls flying southward are the merest specks in the sullen； gray sky； when they can be seen at all。 So high do they keep that often they must pass above our heads without our knowing it。 First we see a quantity of tiny dots； like a shake of pepper； in the cloud above； then the specks grow larger and larger； and finally the birds seem to drop from the sky upon some tall tree that they completely cover a veritable cloudburst of birds。 Without pausing to rest after the long journey； down they flutter into the weedy pastures with much cheerful twittering； to feed upon whatever seeds may be protruding through the snow。 Every action of a flock seems to be concerted； as if some rigid disciplinarian had drilled them； and yet no leader can be distinguished in the merry company。 When one flies； all fly； where one feeds； all feed； and by some subtle telepathy all rise at the identical instant from their feeding ground and cheerfully twitter in concert where they all alight at once。 They are more easily disturbed than the goldfinches； that are often seen feeding with them in the lowlands； nevertheless； they quite often venture into our gardens and orchards； even in suburbs penetrated by the trolley…car。
Usually in winter we hear only their lisping call…note；