g about in pursuit of insect food。 Perhaps a bird that has been resting in one of the tunnels； startled by your innocent housebreaking； will fly out across your face； near enough for you to see how unlike the other swallows he is： smaller； plainer； and with none of their glinting steel…blues and buffs about him。 With strong； swift flight he rejoins his fellows； wheeling； skimming； darting through the air above you； and uttering his characteristic 〃giggling twitter；〃 that is one of the cheeriest noises heard along the beach。 In early October vast numbers of these swallows may be seen in loose flocks along the Jersey coast； slowly making their way South。 Clouds of them miles in extent are recorded。
Closely associated with the sand martin is the Rough…winged Swallow （Stelgidopteryx serripennis）； not to be distinguished from its companion on the wing； but easily recognized by its dull…gray throat and the absence of the brown breast…band when seen at close range。
CEDAR BIRD （Ampelis cedrorum） Waxwing family
Called also： CEDAR WAXWING ＇AOU 1998＇； CHERRY…BIRD； CANADA ROBIN； RECOLLET
Length 7 to 8 inches。 About one…fifth smaller than the robin。 Male Upper parts rich grayish brown； with plum…colored tints showing through the brown on crest； throat； breast； wings； and tail。 A velvety…black line on forehead runs through the eye and back of crest。 Chin black； crest conspicuous； breast lighter than the back； and shading into yellow underneath。 Wings have quill…shafts of secondaries elongated； and with brilliant vermilion tips like drops of sealing…wax； rarely seen on tail quills； which have yellow bands across the end。 Female With duller plumage； smaller crest； and narrower tail…band。 Range North America； from northern British provinces to Central America in winter。 Migrations A roving resident； without fixed seasons for migrating。
As the cedar birds travel about in great flocks that quickly exhaust their special food in a neighborhood； they necessarily lead a nomadic life here to…day； gone to…morrow and； like the Arabs； they 〃silently steal away。〃 It is surprising how very little noise so great a company of these birds make at any time。 That is because they are singularly gentle and refined； soft of voice； as they are of color； their plumage suggesting a fine Japanese water…color painting on silk； with its beautiful sheen and exquisitely blended tints。
One listens in vain for a song； only a lisping 〃Twee…twee…ze；〃 or 〃a dreary whisper；〃 as Minot calls their low…toned communications with each other； reaches our ears from their high perches in the cedar trees； where they sit； almost motionless hours at a time； digesting the enormous quantities of juniper and whortleberries； wild cherries； worms； and insects upon which they have gormandized。
Nuttall gives the cedar birds credit for excessive politeness to each other。 He says he has often seen them passing a worm from one to another down a whole row of beaks and back again before it was finally eaten。
When nesting time arrives that is to say； towards the end of the summer they give up their gregarious habits and live in pairs； billing and kissing like turtle…doves in the orchard or wild crabtrees； where a flat； bulky nest is rather carelessly built of twigs； grasses； feathers； strings any odds and ends that may be lying about。 The eggs are usually four； white tinged with purple and spotted with black。
Apparently they have no moulting season； their plumage is always the same； beautifully neat and full…feathered。 Nothing ever hurries or flusters them； their greatest concern apparently being； when they alight； to settle themselves comfortably between their over…polite friends； who are never guilty of jolting or crowding。 Few birds care to take life so easily； not to say indolently。
Among the French Canadians they are called Recollet； from the color of their crest resembling the hood of the religious order of that name。 Every region the birds pass through； local names appear to be applied to them； a few of the most common of which are given above。
Of the three waxwings known to scientists； two are found in America； and the third in Japan；
BROWN CREEPER （Certhia familiaris americana） Creeper family
Length 5 to 5。75 inches。 A little smaller than the English sparrow。 Male and Female Brown above； varied with ashy…gray stripes and small； lozenge…shaped gray mottles。 Color lightest on head； increasing in shade to reddish brown near tail。 Tail paler brown and long； wings brown and barred with whitish。 Beneath grayish white。 Slender； curving bill。 Range United States and Canada； east of Rocky Mountains。 Migrations April。 September。 Winter resident
This little brown wood sprite； the very embodiment of virtuous diligence； is never found far from the nuthatches； titmice； and kinglets； though not strictly in their company； for he is a rather solitary bird。 Possibly he repels them by being too exasperatingly conscientious。
Beginning at the bottom of a rough…barked tree （for a smooth bark conceals no larvae； the creeper silently climbs upward in a sort of spiral； now lost to sight on the opposite side of the tree； then reappearing just where he is expected to； flitting back a foot or two； perhaps； lest he overlooked a single spider egg； but never by any chance leaving a tree until conscience approves of his thoroughness。 And yet with all this painstaking workman's care； it takes him just about fifty seconds to finish a tree。 Then off he flits to the base of another； to repeat the spiral process。 Only rarely does he adopt the woodpecker process of partly flitting； partly rocking his way with the help of his tail straight up one side of the tree。
Yet this little bird is not altogether the soulless drudge he appears。 In the midst of his work； uncheered by summer sunshine； and clinging with numb toes to the tree…trunk some bitter cold day； he still finds some tender emotion within him to voice in a 〃wild； sweet song〃 that is positively enchanting at such a time。 But it is not often this song is heard south of his nesting grounds。
The brown creeper's plumage is one of Nature's most successful feats of mimicry an exact counterfeit in feathers of the brown…gray bark on which the bird lives。 And the protective coloring is carried out in the nest carefully tucked under a piece of loosened bark in the very heart of the tree。
PINE SISKIN （Spinus pinus） Finch family
Called also： PINE FINCH； PINE LINNET
Length 4。75 to 5 inches。 Over an inch smaller than the English sparrow。 Male and Female Olive…brown and gray above； much streaked and striped with very dark brown everywhere。 Darkest on head and back。 Lower back； base of tail； and wing feathers pale sulphur…yellow。 Under parts very light buff brown； heavily streaked。 Range North America generally。 Most common in north latitudes。 Winters south to the Gulf of Mexico。 Migrations Erratic winter visitor from October to April。 Uncommon in summer。
A small grayish…brown brindle bird； relieved with touches of yellow on its back； wings； and tail； may be seen some winter morning roving on the lawn from one evergreen tree to another； clinging to the pine cones and peering attentively between the scales before extracting the kernels。 It utters a call…note so like the English sparrow's that you are surprised when you look up into the tree to find it comes from a stranger。 The pine siskin is an erratic visitor； and there is always the charm of the unexpected about its coming near our houses that heightens our enjoyment of its brief stay。
As it flies downward from the top of the spruce tree to feed upon the brown seeds still clinging to the pigweed and goldenrod stalks sticking out above the snow by the roadside； it dips and floats through the air like its charming little cousin； the goldfinch。 They have several characteristics in common besides their flight and their fondness for thistles。 Far at the north； where the pine siskin nests in the top of the evergreens； his sweet…warbled love…song is said to be like that of our 〃wild canary's；〃 only with a suggestion of fretfulness in the tone。
Occasionally some one living in an Adirondack or other mountain camp reports finding the nest and hearing the siskin sing even in midsummer； but it is； nevertheless； considered a northern species； however its erratic habits may sometimes break through the ornithologist's traditions。
SMITH'S PAINTED LONGSPUR （Calcarius pictus） Finch family
＇Called also： SMITH'S LONGSPUR； AOU 1998＇
Length 6。5 inches。 About the size of a large English sparrow。 Male and Female Upper parts marked with black； brown； and white； like a sparrow； brown predominant。 Male bird with more black about head； shoulders； and tail feathers； and a whitish patch； edged with black； under the eye。 Underneath pale brown； shading to buff。 Hind claw or spur conspicuous。 Range Interior of North America； from the arctic coast to Illinois and and Texas； Migrations Winter visitor。 Without fixed season。
Confined to a narrower range than the Lapland longspur； this bird； quite commonly found on the open prairie districts of the middle West in winter； is； nevertheless； so very like its cousin that the same description of their habits might very well answer for both。 Indeed； both these birds are often seen in the same flock。 Larks and the ubiquitous sparrows； too； intermingle with them with the familiarity that only the starvation rations of midwinter； and not true sociability； can effect； and； looking out upon such a heterogeneous flock of brown birds as they are feeding together on the frozen ground； only the trained field ornithologist would find it easy to point out the painted longspurs。
Certain peculiarities are noticeable； however。 Longspurs squat while resting； then； when flushed； they run quickly and lightly； and 〃rise with a sharp click； repeated several times in quick succession； and move with an easy； undulating motion for a short distance； when they alight very suddenly； seeming to fall perpendicularly several feet to the ground。〃 Another peculiarity of their flight is their habit of flying about in circles； to and fro； keeping up a constant chirping or call。 It is only in the mating seas