own deputies and administrators whom it holds in its rude grasp。
Those who are in high places are not alarmed; they even find that
there is some good in the revolt; inasmuch as it compels the towns
to suppress unjust taxation。'32' The new Marseilles guard; formed
of young men; is allowed to march to Aubagne; 〃to insist that M。 le
lieutenant criminel and M。 l'avocat du Roi release the prisoners。〃
The disobedience of Marseilles; which refuses to receive the
magistrates sent under letters patent to take testimony; is
tolerated。 And better still; in spite of the remonstrances of the
parliament of Aix; a general amnesty is proclaimed; 〃no one is
excepted but a few of the leaders; to whom is allowed the liberty of
leaving the kingdom。〃 The mildness of the King and of the military
authorities is admirable。 It is admitted that the people are
children; that they err only through ignorance; that faith must be
had in their repentance; and; as soon as they return to order; they
must be received with paternal effusions。 The truth is; that
the child is a blind Colossus; exasperated by sufferings。 hence
whatever it takes hold of is shattered not only the local wheels
of the provinces; which; if temporarily deranged; may be repaired;
but even the incentive at the center which puts the rest in motion;
and the destruction of which will throw the whole machinery into
confusion。
__________________________________________________________________
Notes:
'1' Marmontel; 〃Mémoires;〃 II。 221。 Albert Babeau; 〃Histoire
de la Révolution Fran?aise;〃 I。 91; 187。 (Letter by Huez Mayor of
Troyes; July 30; 1788。)… Archives Nationales; H。 1274。 (Letter
by M。 de Caraman; April 22; 1789。) H。 942 (Cahier des demandes des
Etats de Languedoc)。 … Buchez et Roux; 〃Histoire Parlementaire;〃
I。 283。
'2' See 〃 The Ancient Régime;〃 p。34。 Albert Babeau; I。 91。 (The
Bishop of Troyes gives 12;000 francs; and the chapter 6;000; for the
relief workshops。)
'3' 〃The Ancient Regime;〃 350; 387。Floquet; 〃Histoire du Parlement
de Normandie;〃 VII。 505…518。 (Reports of the Parliament of
Normandy; May 3;1788。 Letter from the Parliament to the King; July
15; 1789。)
'4' Arthur Young; 〃Voyages in France;〃 June 29th; July 2nd and 18th
〃 Journal de Paris;〃 January 2; 1789。 Letter of the curé of
Sainte…Marguerite。
'5' Buchez and Roux; IV。 79…82。 (Letter from the intermediary
bureau of Montereau; July 9; 1789; from the maire of Villeneuve…le…
Roi; July 10th; from M。 Baudry; July 10th; from M。 Prioreau; July
11th; etc。) Montjoie; 〃Histoire de la Révolution de France;〃 2nd
part; ch。 XXI; p。 5。
'6' Roux et Buchez; ibid。 〃It is very unfortunate;〃 writes the
Marquis d'Autichamp; 〃to be obliged to cut down the standing crops
ready to be gathered in; but it is dangerous to let the troops die
of hunger。〃
'7' Montjoie; 〃Histoire de la Révolution de France;〃 ch。 XXXIX; V;
37。 De Goncourt; 〃La Société Fran?aise pendant la Révolution;〃
p。 5l3。 Deposition of Maillard (Criminal Inquiry of the
Chatelet concerning the events of October 5th and 6th)。
'8' De Tocqueville; 〃L'Ancien Régime et la Révolution;〃 272…290。 De
Lavergne; 〃Les Assemblées provinciales;〃 109。 Procès…verbaux des
assemblées provinciales; passim。
'9' A magistrate who gives judgment in a lower court in cases
relative to taxation。 These terms are retained because there are no
equivalents in English。 (Tr。)
'10' 〃Laboureurs;〃 this term; at this epoch; is applied to those
who till their own land。 (Tr。)
'11' Duvergier。 〃Collection des lois et décrets;〃 I。 1 to 23; and
particularly p。 15。
'12' Parish priests。 (SR。)
'13' Arthur Young; July 12th ; 1789 (in Champagne)。
'14' Montjoie; 1st part; 102。
'15' Floquet; 〃Histoire du Parlement de Normandie;〃 VII。 508。 〃
Archives Nationales;〃 H。 1453。
'16' Arthur Young; June 29th (at Nangis)。
'17' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H。1453。 Letter of the Duc de Mortemart;
Seigneur of Bray; May 4th; of M。 de Ballainvilliers; intendant of
Languedoc; April 15th。
'18' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H。1453。 Letter of the intendant; M。
d'Agay; April 30th; of the municipal officers of Nantes; January
9th; of the intendant; M。 Meulan d'Ablois; June 22nd; of M。 de
Ballainvilliers; April 15th。
'19' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H。 1453。 Letter of the Count de
Langeron; July 4th; of M。 de Meulan d'Ablois; June 5th; 〃Minutes of
the meeting of la Maréchaussée de Bost;〃 April 29th。 Letters of M。
de Chazerat; May 29th; of M。 de Bezenval; June 2nd; of the
intendant; M。 Amelot; April 25th。
'20' '〃Archives Nationales;〃 H。1453。 Letter of M。 de Bezenval; May
27th; of M。 de Ballainvilliers; April 25th; of M。 de Foullonde;
April 19th。
'21' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H。1453。 Letter of the intendant; M。
d'Aine; March 12th; of M。 d'Agay; April 30th; of M。 Amelot; April
25th; of the municipal authorities of Nantes; January 9th; etc。
'22' 〃The Ancient Régime;〃 pp。 380…389。
'23' Floquet; VII。 508; (Report of February 27th)。 … Hippeau; 〃La
Gouvernement de Normandie;〃 IV。 377。 (Letter of M。 Perrot; June
23rd。) 〃 Archives Nationales;〃 H。 1453。 Letter of M。 de
Sainte…Suzanne; April 29th。 Ibid。 F7; 3250。 Letter of M。 de
Rochambeau; May 16th Ibid。 F7; 3250。 Letter of the Abbé Duplaquet;
Deputy of the Third Estate of Saint…Quentin; May 17th。 Letter of
three husbandmen in the environs of Saint…Quentin; May 14th。
'24' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H。 1453。 Letter of the Count de
Perigord; military commandant of Languedoc; April 22nd。
'25' Floquet; VII。 511 (from the 11th to the 14th July)。
'26' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H。 1453。 Letter of the municipal
authorities of Nantes; January 9th; of the sub…delegate of Plo?rmel;
July 4th; ibid。 F7; 2353。 Letter of the intermediary commission of
Alsace; September 8th ibid。 F7; 3227。 Letter of the intendant;
Caze de la Bove; June 16th ; ibid。 H。 1453。 Letter of Terray;
intendant of Lyons; July 4th; of the prévot des échevins; July 5th
and 7th。
'27' (A tax on all goods entering a town。 SR。)
'28' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H。 1453。 Letter of the mayor and
councils of Agde; April 21st; of M。 de Perigord; April 19th; May
5th。
'29' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H。 1453。 Letters of M。 de Caraman;
March 23rd; 26th 27th 28th; of the seneschal Missiessy; March 24th;
of the mayor of Hyères; March 25th; etc。; ibid。 H。 1274; of M。 de
Montmayran; April 2nd; of M。 de Caraman; March 18th ; April 12th; of
the intendant; M。 de la Tour; April 2nd; of the procureur…géneral;
M。 d'Antheman; April 17th; and the report of June 15th; of the
municipal authorities of Toulon; April 11th; of the sub…delegate of
Manosque; March 14th; of M。 de Saint…Tropez; March 21st。 … Minutes
of the meeting; signed by 119 witnesses; of the insurrection at Aix;
March 5th; etc。
'30' An uprising of the peasants。 The term is used to indicate a
country mob in contradistinction to a city or town mob。…Tr。
'31' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H。1274。 Letter of M。 de la Tour; April
2nd (with a detailed memorandum and depositions)。
'32' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H。 1274。 Letter of M。 de Caraman;
April 22nd: …〃One real benefit results from this misfortune。 。 。
The well…to…do class is brought to sustain that which exceeded the
strength of the poor daily laborers。 We see the nobles and people
in good circumstances a little more attentive to the poor peasants:
they are now habituated to speaking to them with more gentleness。〃
M。 de Caraman was wounded; as well as his Son; at Aix; and if the
Soldiery; who were stoned; at length fired on the crowd; he did not
give the order。 Ibid; letter of M。 d'Anthéman; April 17th; of M。
de Barentin; June 11th。
CHAPTER II。 PARIS UP TO THE 14TH OF JULY。
I。
Mob recruits in the vicinity。… Entry of vagabonds。 … The number of
paupers。
INDEED it is in the center that the convulsive shocks are strongest。
Nothing is lacking to aggravate the insurrection neither the
liveliest provocation to stimulate it; nor the most numerous bands
to carry it out。 The environs of Paris all furnish recruits for it;
nowhere are there so many miserable wretches; so many of the
famished; and so many rebellious beings。 Robberies of grain take
place everywhere at Orleans; at Cosne; at Rambouillet; at Jouy;
at Pont…Saint…Maxence; at Bray…sur…Seine; at Sens; at Nangis。'1'
Wheat flour is so scarce at Meudon; that every purchaser is ordered
to buy at the same time an equal quantity of barley。 At Viroflay;
thirty women; with a rear…guard of men; stop on the main road
vehicles; which they suppose to be loaded with grain。 At Montlhéry
stones and clubs disperse seven brigades of the police。 An immense
throng of eight thousand persons; women and men; provided with bags;
fall upon the grain exposed for sale。 They force the delivery to
them of wheat worth 40 francs at 24 francs; pillaging the half of it
and conveying it off without payment。 〃The constabulary is
disheartened;〃 writes the sub…delegate; 〃the determination of the
people is wonderful; I am frightened at what I have seen and heard。〃
After the 13th of July; 1788; the day of the hail…storm; despair
seized the peasantry; well disposed as the proprietors may have
been; it was impossible to assist them。 〃Not a workshop is
open;'2' the noblemen and the bourgeois; obliged to grant delays in
the payment of their incomes; can give no work。〃 Accordingly; 〃the
famished people are on the point of risking life for life;〃 and;
publicly and boldly; they seek food wherever it can be found。 At
Conflans…Saint…Honorine; Eragny; Neuville; Chenevières; at Cergy;
Pontoise; Ile…Adam; Presle; and Beaumont; men; women; and children;
the hole parish; range the country; set snares; and destroy the
burrows。 〃The rumor i
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