《the origins of contemporary france-2》

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own deputies and administrators whom it holds in its rude grasp。



Those who are in high places are not alarmed; they even find that

there is some good in the revolt; inasmuch as it compels the towns

to suppress unjust taxation。'32'  The new Marseilles guard; formed

of young men; is allowed to march to Aubagne; 〃to insist that M。 le

lieutenant criminel and M。 l'avocat du Roi release the prisoners。〃

The disobedience of Marseilles; which refuses to receive the

magistrates sent under letters patent to take testimony; is

tolerated。  And better still; in spite of the remonstrances of the

parliament of Aix; a general amnesty is proclaimed; 〃no one is

excepted but a few of the leaders; to whom is allowed the liberty of

leaving the kingdom。〃 The mildness of the King and of the military

authorities is admirable。  It is admitted that the people are

children; that they err only through ignorance; that faith must be

had in their repentance; and; as soon as they return to order; they

must be received with paternal effusions。    The truth is; that

the child is a blind Colossus; exasperated by sufferings。  hence

whatever it takes hold of is shattered   not only the local wheels

of the provinces; which; if temporarily deranged; may be repaired;

but even the incentive at the center which puts the rest in motion;

and the destruction of which will throw the whole machinery into

confusion。



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Notes:



 '1' Marmontel; 〃Mémoires;〃 II。  221。   Albert Babeau; 〃Histoire

de la Révolution Fran?aise;〃 I。  91; 187。  (Letter by Huez Mayor of

Troyes; July 30; 1788。)…   Archives Nationales; H。  1274。  (Letter

by M。 de Caraman; April 22; 1789。) H。  942 (Cahier des demandes des

Etats de Languedoc)。  …  Buchez et Roux; 〃Histoire Parlementaire;〃

I。  283。



'2' See 〃 The Ancient Régime;〃 p。34。  Albert Babeau; I。  91。  (The

Bishop of Troyes gives 12;000 francs; and the chapter 6;000; for the

relief workshops。)



'3' 〃The Ancient Regime;〃 350; 387。Floquet; 〃Histoire du Parlement

de Normandie;〃 VII。  505…518。  (Reports of the Parliament of

Normandy; May 3;1788。  Letter from the Parliament to the King; July

15; 1789。)



'4' Arthur Young; 〃Voyages in France;〃 June 29th; July 2nd and 18th

 〃 Journal de Paris;〃 January 2; 1789。  Letter of the curé of

Sainte…Marguerite。



'5' Buchez and Roux; IV。  79…82。  (Letter from the intermediary

bureau of Montereau; July 9; 1789; from the maire of Villeneuve…le…

Roi; July 10th; from M。 Baudry; July 10th; from M。 Prioreau; July

11th; etc。)   Montjoie; 〃Histoire de la Révolution de France;〃 2nd

part; ch。  XXI; p。  5。



'6' Roux et Buchez; ibid。  〃It is very unfortunate;〃 writes the

Marquis d'Autichamp; 〃to be obliged to cut down the standing crops

ready to be gathered in; but it is dangerous to let the troops die

of hunger。〃



'7' Montjoie; 〃Histoire de la Révolution de France;〃 ch。  XXXIX; V;

37。   De Goncourt; 〃La Société Fran?aise pendant la Révolution;〃

p。  5l3。   Deposition of Maillard (Criminal Inquiry of the

Chatelet concerning the events of October 5th and 6th)。



'8' De Tocqueville; 〃L'Ancien Régime et la Révolution;〃 272…290。  De

Lavergne; 〃Les Assemblées provinciales;〃 109。  Procès…verbaux des

assemblées provinciales; passim。



'9' A magistrate who gives judgment in a lower court in cases

relative to taxation。  These terms are retained because there are no

equivalents in English。  (Tr。)



'10' 〃Laboureurs;〃  this term; at this epoch; is applied to those

who till their own land。  (Tr。)



'11' Duvergier。  〃Collection des lois et décrets;〃 I。  1 to 23; and

particularly p。  15。



'12' Parish priests。  (SR。)



'13' Arthur Young; July 12th ; 1789 (in Champagne)。



'14' Montjoie; 1st part; 102。



'15' Floquet; 〃Histoire du Parlement de Normandie;〃 VII。  508。   〃

Archives Nationales;〃 H。  1453。



'16' Arthur Young; June 29th (at Nangis)。



'17' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H。1453。  Letter of the Duc de Mortemart;

Seigneur of Bray; May 4th; of M。 de Ballainvilliers; intendant of

Languedoc; April 15th。



'18' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H。1453。  Letter of the intendant; M。

d'Agay; April 30th; of the municipal officers of Nantes; January

9th; of the intendant; M。 Meulan d'Ablois; June 22nd; of M。 de

Ballainvilliers; April 15th。



'19' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H。  1453。  Letter of the Count de

Langeron; July 4th; of M。 de Meulan d'Ablois; June 5th; 〃Minutes of

the meeting of la Maréchaussée de Bost;〃 April 29th。  Letters of M。

de Chazerat; May 29th; of M。 de Bezenval; June 2nd; of the

intendant; M。 Amelot; April 25th。



'20' '〃Archives Nationales;〃 H。1453。  Letter of M。 de Bezenval; May

27th; of M。 de Ballainvilliers; April 25th; of M。 de Foullonde;

April 19th。



'21' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H。1453。  Letter of the intendant; M。

d'Aine; March 12th; of M。 d'Agay; April 30th; of M。 Amelot; April

25th; of the municipal authorities of Nantes; January 9th; etc。



'22' 〃The Ancient Régime;〃 pp。  380…389。



'23' Floquet; VII。  508; (Report of February 27th)。  …  Hippeau; 〃La

Gouvernement de Normandie;〃 IV。  377。  (Letter of M。 Perrot; June

23rd。)   〃 Archives Nationales;〃 H。  1453。  Letter of M。 de

Sainte…Suzanne; April 29th。  Ibid。  F7; 3250。  Letter of M。 de

Rochambeau; May 16th Ibid。  F7; 3250。  Letter of the Abbé Duplaquet;

Deputy of the Third Estate of Saint…Quentin; May 17th。  Letter of

three husbandmen in the environs of Saint…Quentin; May 14th。



'24' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H。  1453。  Letter of the Count de

Perigord; military commandant of Languedoc; April 22nd。



'25' Floquet; VII。  511 (from the 11th to the 14th July)。



'26' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H。  1453。  Letter of the municipal

authorities of Nantes; January 9th; of the sub…delegate of Plo?rmel;

July 4th; ibid。  F7; 2353。  Letter of the intermediary commission of

Alsace; September 8th ibid。  F7; 3227。  Letter of the intendant;

Caze de la Bove; June 16th ; ibid。  H。  1453。  Letter of Terray;

intendant of Lyons; July 4th; of the prévot des échevins; July 5th

and 7th。



'27' (A tax on all goods entering a town。  SR。)



'28' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H。  1453。  Letter of the mayor and

councils of Agde; April 21st; of M。 de Perigord; April 19th; May

5th。



'29' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H。  1453。  Letters of M。 de Caraman;

March 23rd; 26th 27th 28th; of the seneschal Missiessy; March 24th;

of the mayor of Hyères; March 25th; etc。; ibid。  H。  1274; of M。 de

Montmayran; April 2nd; of M。 de Caraman; March 18th ; April 12th; of

the intendant; M。 de la Tour; April 2nd; of the procureur…géneral;

M。 d'Antheman; April 17th; and the report of June 15th; of the

municipal authorities of Toulon; April 11th; of the sub…delegate of

Manosque; March 14th; of M。 de Saint…Tropez; March 21st。  …  Minutes

of the meeting; signed by 119 witnesses; of the insurrection at Aix;

March 5th; etc。



'30' An uprising of the peasants。  The term is used to indicate a

country mob in contradistinction to a city or town mob。…Tr。



'31' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H。1274。  Letter of M。 de la Tour; April

2nd (with a detailed memorandum and depositions)。



'32' 〃Archives Nationales;〃 H。  1274。  Letter of M。 de Caraman;

April 22nd: …〃One real benefit results from this misfortune。  。  。

The well…to…do class is brought to sustain that which exceeded the

strength of the poor daily laborers。  We see the nobles and people

in good circumstances a little more attentive to the poor peasants:

they are now habituated to speaking to them with more gentleness。〃

M。 de Caraman was wounded; as well as his Son; at Aix; and if the

Soldiery; who were stoned; at length fired on the crowd; he did not

give the order。   Ibid; letter of M。 d'Anthéman; April 17th; of M。

de Barentin; June 11th。







CHAPTER II。  PARIS UP TO THE 14TH OF JULY。



I。



Mob recruits in the vicinity。… Entry of vagabonds。  … The number of

paupers。



INDEED it is in the center that the convulsive shocks are strongest。

Nothing is lacking to aggravate the insurrection  neither the

liveliest provocation to stimulate it; nor the most numerous bands

to carry it out。  The environs of Paris all furnish recruits for it;

nowhere are there so many miserable wretches; so many of the

famished; and so many rebellious beings。  Robberies of grain take

place everywhere  at Orleans; at Cosne; at Rambouillet; at Jouy;

at Pont…Saint…Maxence; at Bray…sur…Seine; at Sens; at Nangis。'1'

Wheat flour is so scarce at Meudon; that every purchaser is ordered

to buy at the same time an equal quantity of barley。  At Viroflay;

thirty women; with a rear…guard of men; stop on the main road

vehicles; which they suppose to be loaded with grain。  At Montlhéry

stones and clubs disperse seven brigades of the police。  An immense

throng of eight thousand persons; women and men; provided with bags;

fall upon the grain exposed for sale。  They force the delivery to

them of wheat worth 40 francs at 24 francs; pillaging the half of it

and conveying it off without payment。  〃The constabulary is

disheartened;〃 writes the sub…delegate; 〃the determination of the

people is wonderful; I am frightened at what I have seen and heard。〃

 After the 13th of July; 1788; the day of the hail…storm; despair

seized the peasantry; well disposed as the proprietors may have

been; it was impossible  to assist them。  〃Not a workshop is

open;'2' the noblemen and the bourgeois; obliged to grant delays in

the payment of their incomes; can give no work。〃 Accordingly; 〃the

famished people are on the point of risking life for life;〃 and;

publicly and boldly; they seek food wherever it can be found。  At

Conflans…Saint…Honorine; Eragny; Neuville; Chenevières; at Cergy;

Pontoise; Ile…Adam; Presle; and Beaumont; men; women; and children;

the hole parish; range the country; set snares; and destroy the

burrows。  〃The rumor i
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