the origins of contemporary france-2- 第28部分

and　the　rest　of　the　royal　family；　who　have　in　vain　barricaded

themselves　in　the　？il…de…Boeuf；　a　door　of　which　is　broken　in：　here

they　stand；　awaiting　death；　when　Lafayette　arrives　with　his

grenadiers　and　saves　all　that　can　be　save　　　　their　lives；　and

nothing　more。　　For；　from　the　crowd　huddled　in　the　marble　court　the

shout　rises；　〃To　Paris　with　the　King　！〃　a　command　to　which　the　King

submits。



Now　that　the　great　hostage　is　in　their　hands；　will　they　deign　to

accept　the　second　one？　This　is　doubtful。　　On　the　Queen　approaching

the　balcony　with　her　son　and　daughter；　a　howl　arises　of　〃No

children！〃　They　want　to　have　her　alone　in　the　sights　of　their　guns；

and　she　understands　that。　　At　this　moment　M。　de　Lafayette；　throwing

the　shield　of　his　popularity　over　her；　appears　on　the　balcony　at　her

side　and　respectfully　kisses　her　hand。　　The　reaction　is

instantaneous　in　this　over…excited　crowd。　　Both　the　men　and

especially　the　women；　in　such　a　state　of　nervous　tension；　readily

jump　from　one　extreme　to　another；　rage　bordering　on　tears。　　A

portress；　who　is　a　companion　of　Maillard's；＇43＇　imagines　that　she

hears　Lafayette　promise　in　the　Queen's　name　〃to　love　her　people　and

be　as　much　attached　to　them　as　Jesus　Christ　to　his　Church。〃　People

sob　and　embrace　each　other；　the　grenadiers　shift　their　caps　to　the

heads　of　the　body…guard。　　Everything　will　be　fine　：　〃the　people　have

won　their　King　back。〃　　Nothing　is　to　be　done　now　but　to　rejoice；

and　the　cortege　moves　on。　　The　royal　family　and　a　hundred　deputies；

in　carriages；　form　the　center；　and　then　comes　the　artillery；　with　a

number　of　women　bestriding　the　cannons；　next；　a　convoy　of　flour。

Round　about　are　the　King's　Guards；　each　with　a　National　Guard

mounted　behind　him；　then　comes　the　National　Guard　of　Paris；　and

after　them　men　with　pikes　and　women　on　foot；　on　horseback；　in　cabs；

and　on　carts；　in　front　is　a　band　bearing　two　severed　heads　on　the

ends　of　two　poles；　which　halts　at　a　hairdresser's；　in　Sèvres；　to

have　these　heads　powdered　and　curled；＇44＇　they　are　made　to　bow　by

way　of　salutation；　and　are　daubed　all　over　with　cream；　there　are

jokes　and　shouts　of　laughter；　the　people　stop　to　eat　and　drink　on

the　road；　and　oblige　the　guards　to　clink　glasses　with　them；　they

shout　and　fire　salvos　of　musketry；　men　and　women　hold　each　other's

hands　and　sing　and　dance　about　in　the　mud。　　　Such　is　the　new

fraternity：　a　funeral　procession　of　legal　and　legitimate

authorities；　a　triumph　of　brutality　over　intelligence；　a　murderous

and　political　Mardi…gras；　a　formidable　masquerade　which；　preceded　by

the　insignia　of　death；　drags　along　with　it　the　heads　of　France；　the

King；　the　ministers；　and　the　deputies；　that　it　may　constrain　them　to

rule　to　until　according　to　its　frenzy；　that　it　may　hold　them　under

its　them　pikes　until　it　is　pleased　to　slaughter　them。



　VI。



The　Government　and　the　nation　in　the　hands　of　the　revolutionary

party。



This　time　there　can　be　no　mistake：　the　Reign　of　Terror　is　fully　and

firmly　established。　　On　this　very　day　the　mob　stops　a　vehicle；　in

which　it　hopes　to　find　M。　de　Virieu；　and　declares；　on　searching　it；

that　〃they　are　looking　for　the　deputy　to　massacre　him；　as　well　as

others　of　whom　they　have　a　list。〃＇45＇　　Two　days　afterwards　the　Abbé

Grégoire　tells　the　National　Assembly　that　not　a　day　passes　without

ecclesiastics　being　insulted　in　Paris；　and　pursued　with　〃horrible

threats。〃　Malouet　is　advised　that　〃as　soon　as　guns　are　distributed

among　the　militia；　the　first　use　made　of　them　will　be　to　get　rid　of

those　deputies　who　are　bad　citizens；〃　and　among　others　of　the　Abbé

Maury。　　〃The　moment　I　stepped　out　into　the　streets；〃　writes　Mounier；

〃I　was　publicly　followed。　　It　was　a　crime　to　be　seen　in　my　company。

Wherever　I　happened　to　go；　along　with　two　or　three　of　my　companions；

it　was　stated　that　an　assembly　of　aristocrats　was　forming。　　I　had

become　such　an　object　of　terror　that　they　threatened　to　set　fire　to

a　country…house　where　I　had　passed　twenty…four　hours；　and；　to

relieve　their　minds；　a　promise　had　to　be　given　that　neither　myself

nor　my　friends　should　be　again　received　into　it。〃　In　one　week　five

or　six　hundred　deputies　have　their　passports＇46＇　made　out；　and　hold

themselves　ready　to　depart。　　During　the　following　month　one　hundred

and　twenty　give　in　their　resignations；　or　no　longer　appear　in　the

Assembly。　　Mounier；　Lally…Tollendal；　the　Bishop　of　Langres；　and

others　besides；　quit　Paris；　and　afterwards　France。　　Mallet　du　Pan

writes；　〃Opinion　now　dictates　its　judgment　with　steel　in　hand。

Believe　or　die　is　the　anathema　which　vehement　spirits　pronounce；　and

this　in　the　name　of　Liberty。　　Moderation　has　become　a　crime。〃　After

the　7th　of　October；　Mirabeau　says　to　the　Comte　de　la　Marck：



　〃If　you　have　any　influence　with　the　King　or　the　Queen；　persuade

them　that　they　and　France　are　lost　if　the　royal　family　does　not

leave　Paris。　　I　am　busy　with　a　plan　for　getting　them　away。〃



He　prefers　everything　to　the　present　situation；　〃even　civil　war；〃

for　〃war；　at　least；　invigorates　the　soul；〃　while　here；　〃under　the

dictatorship　of　demagogues；　we　are　being　drowned　in　slime。〃　Given　up

to　itself；　Paris；　in　three　months；　〃will　certainly　be　a　hospital；

and；　perhaps；　a　theater　of　horrors。〃　Against　the　rabble　and　its

leaders；　it　is　essential　that　the　King　should　at　once　coalesce　〃with

his　people；〃　that　he　should　go　to　Rouen；　appeal　to　the　provinces；

provide　a　Centre　for　public　opinion；　and；　if　necessary；　resort　to

armed　resistance。　　Malouet；　on　his　side；　declares　that　〃the

Revolution；　since　the　5th　of　October；　〃horrifies　all　sensible　men；

and　every　party；　but　that　it　is　complete　and　irresistible。〃　Thus　the

three　best　minds　that　are　associated　with　the　Revolution　　those

whose　verified　prophecies　attest　genius　or　good　sense；　the　only　ones

who；　for　two　or　three　years；　and　from　week　to　week；　have　always

predicted　wisely；　and　who　have　employed　reason　in　their

demonstrations　　these　three；　Mallet　du　Pan；　Mirabeau；　Mabuet；

agree　in　their　estimate　of　the　event；　and　in　measuring　its

consequences。　　The　nation　is　gliding　down　a　declivity；　and　no　one

possesses　the　means　or　the　force　to　arrest　it。　　The　King　cannot　do

it　：　〃undecided　and　weak　beyond　all　expression；　his　character

resembles　those　oiled　ivory　balls　which　one　vainly　strives　to　keep

together。〃＇47＇　　And　as　for　the　Assembly；　blinded；　violated；　and

impelled　on　by　the　theory　it　proclaims；　and　by　the　faction　which

supports　it；　each　of　its　grand　decrees　only　renders　its　fall　the

more　precipitate。



________________________________________________________________



Notes：





＇1＇　Bailly；　〃　Mémoires；〃　II。　195；　242。



＇2＇　Elysée　Loustalot；　journalist；　editor　of　the　paper　〃Révolutions

de　Paris；〃　was　a　young　lawyer　who　had　shown　a　natural　genius　for

innovative　journalism。　　He　was　to　die　already　in　1790。　　（SR。）



＇3＇　Montjoie；　ch。　LXX；　p。　65。



＇4＇　Bailly；　II。　74；　174；　242；　261；　282；　345；　392。



＇5＇　Such　as　domiciliary　visits　and　arrests　apparently　made　by

lunatics。　　（〃Archives　de　la　Préfecture　de　Police　de　Paris。〃）　　And

Montjoie；　ch。　　LXX。　　p。67。　　Expedition　of　the　National　Guard　against

imaginary　brigands　who　are　cutting　down　the　crops　at　Montmorency　and

the　volley　fired　in　the　air。　　Conquest　of　Ile…Adam　and　Chantilly。



＇6＇　Bailly；　II。　46；　95；　232；　287；　296。



＇7＇　〃Archives　de　la　Préfecture　de　Police；〃　minutes　of　the　meeting　of

the　section　of　Butte　des　Moulins；　October　5；　1789。



＇8＇　Bailly；　II。　　224。　　Dusaulx；　418；　202；　257；　174；　158。　　The

powder　transported　was　called　poudre　de　traite　（transport）；　the

people　understood　it　as　poudre　de　tra？tre　（traitor）。　　M。　de　la　Salle

was　near　being　killed　through　the　addition　of　an　r。　　It　is　he　who

had　taken　command　of　the　National　Guard　on　the　13th　of　July。



＇9＇　Floquet；　VII。　54。　There　is　the　same　scene　at　Granville；　in

Normandy；　on　the　16th　of　October。　　A　woman　had　assassinated　her

husband；　while　a　soldier　who　was　her　lover　is　her　accomplice；　the

woman　was　about　to　he　hung　and　the　man　broken　on　the　wheel；　when　the

populace　shout；　〃The　nation　has　the　right　of　pardon；〃　upset　the

scaffold；　and　save　the　two　assassins。



＇10＇　Bailly；　II。　　274　（August　17th）。



＇11＇　Bailly；　II；　83；　202；　230；　235；　283；　299。



＇12＇　Mercure　de　France；　the　number　for　September　26th。　　…　　De

Goncourt；　p。　　111。



＇13＇　Mercier；　〃Tableau　de　Paris；〃　I；　58；　X。　　151。



＇14＇　De　Ferrières；　I。　　178。　　Buchez　and　Roux；　II。　311；　316。　

Bai11y；　II。　　104；　174；　207；　246；　257；　282。



＇15＇　Mercure　de　France；　September　5th；　1789。　　Horace　Walpole's

Letters；　September　5；　1789。　　M。　de　Lafayette；　〃Mémoires；〃　I。　　272。

During　the　week　following　the　14th　of　July；　6；000　soldiers　deserted

and　went　over　to　the　people；　besides　400　and　800　Swiss　Guards　and

six　battalions　of　the　French　Guards；　who　remain　without　officers；

and　do　as　they　please。　　Vagabonds　from　the　neighboring　villages

flock　in；　and　there　are　more　than　〃30；000　strangers　and　vagrants〃　in

Paris。



＇16＇　Bailly；　II。　　282。　　The　crowd　of　deserters　was　so　great　that

Lafayette　was　obliged　to　place　a　guard　at　the　barriers　to　keep　them

from　entering　the　city。　　〃Without　this　precaution　the　whole　army

would　have　come　in。〃



＇17＇　De　Ferrières；　I。　　103。　　De　Lavalette；　I。　39。　　Bailly；　I。　53

（on　the　lawyers）。　　〃It　may　be　said　that　the　success　of　the

Revolution　is　due　to　this　class。〃　　Marmontel；　II。　　243　〃Since　the

first　elections　of　Paris；　in　1789；　I　remarked；〃　he　says；　〃this

species　of　restless　intriguing　men；　contending　with　each　other　to　be

heard；　impatient　to　make　themselves　prominent。。。。It　is　well　known

what　interest　this　body　（the　lawyers）　had　to　change　Reform　into

Revolution；　the　Monarchy　into　a　Republic；　the　object　was　to　organize

for　itself　a　perpetual　aristocracy。〃　　Buchez　and　Roux；　II。　　358

（article　by　C。　　Desmoulins）。　〃In　the　districts　everybody　exhausts

his　lungs　and　his　time　in　trying　to　be　president；　vice…president；

secretary　or　v