and not at all fetid； the contrary to this is the worst。
8。 All dropsies arising from acute diseases are bad； for they do not
remove the fever； and are very painful and fatal。 The most of them
commence from the flanks and loins； but some from the liver； in
those which derive their origin from the flanks and loins the feet
swell； protracted diarrhoeas supervene； which neither remove the pains
in the flanks and loins； nor soften the belly； but in dropsies which
are connected with the liver there is a tickling cough； with
scarcely any perceptible expectoration； and the feet swell； there
are no evacuations from the bowels； unless such as are hard and
forced； and there are swellings about the belly； sometimes on the
one side and sometimes on the other； and these increase and diminish
by turns。
9。 It is a bad symptom when the head； hands； and feet are cold；
while the belly and sides are hot； but it is a very good symptom
when the whole body is equally hot。 The patient ought to be able to
turn round easily； and to be agile when raised up； but if he appear
heavy in the rest of his body as well as in his hands and feet； it
is more dangerous； and if； in addition to the weight； his nails and
fingers become livid； immediate death may be anticipated； and if the
hands and feet be black it is less dangerous than if they be livid；
but the other symptoms must be attended； to； for if he appear to
bear the illness well； and if certain of the salutary symptoms
appear along with these there may be hope that the disease will turn
to a deposition； so that the man may recover； but the blackened
parts of the body will drop off。 When the testicles and members are
retracted upwards； they indicate strong pains and danger of death。
10。 With regard to sleep… as is usual with us in health； the patient
should wake during the day and sleep during the night。 If this rule be
anywise altered it is so far worse： but there will be little harm
provided he sleep in the morning for the third part of the day； such
sleep as takes place after this time is more unfavorable； but the
worst of all is to get no sleep either night or day； for it follows
from this symptom that the insomnolency is connected with sorrow and
pains； or that he is about to become delirious。
11。 The excrement is best which is soft and consistent； is passed at
the hour which was customary to the patient when in health； in
quantity proportionate to the ingests； for when the passages are such；
the lower belly is in a healthy state。 But if the discharges be fluid；
it is favorable that they are not accompanied with a noise； nor are
frequent； nor in great quantity； for the man being oppressed by
frequently getting up； must be deprived of sleep； and if the
evacuations be both frequent and large； there is danger of his falling
into deliquium animi。 But in proportion to the ingesta he should
have evacuations twice or thrice in the day； once at night and more
copiously in the morning； as is customary with a person in health。 The
faeces should become thicker when the disease is tending to a
crisis； they ought to be yellowish and not very fetid。 It is favorable
that round worms be passed with the discharges when the disease is
tending to a crisis。 The belly； too； through the whole disease； should
be soft and moderately distended； but excrements that are very watery；
or white； or green； or very red； or frothy； are all bad。 It is also
bad when the discharge is small； and viscid； and white； and
greenish； and smooth； but still more deadly appearances are the black；
or fatty； or livid； or verdigris…green； or fetid。 Such as are of
varied characters indicate greater duration of the complaint； but
are no less dangerous； such as those which resemble scrapings； those
which are bilious； those resembling leeks； and the black； these
being sometimes passed together； and sometimes singly。 It is best when
wind passes without noise； but it is better that flatulence should
pass even thus than that it should be retained； and when it does
pass thus； it indicates either that the man is in pain or in delirium；
unless he gives vent to the wind spontaneously。 Pains in the
hypochondria； and swellings； if recent； and not accompanied with
inflammation； are relieved by borborygmi supervening in the
hypochondrium； more especially if it pass off with faeces； urine；
and wind； but even although not； it will do good by passing along； and
it also does good by descending to the lower part of the belly。
12。 The urine is best when the sediment is white； smooth； and
consistent during the whole time； until the disease come to a
crisis； for it indicates freedom from danger； and an illness of
short duration； but if deficient； and if it be sometimes passed clear；
and sometimes with a white and smooth sediment； the disease will be
more protracted； and not so void of danger。 But if the urine be
reddish； and the sediment consistent and smooth； the affection； in
this case； will be more protracted than the former； but still not
fatal。 But farinaceous sediments in the urine are bad； and still worse
are the leafy； the white and thin are very bad； but the furfuraceous
are still worse than these。 Clouds carried about in the urine are good
when white； but bad if black。 When the urine is yellow and thin； it
indicates that the disease is unconcocted； and if it （the disease）
should be protracted； there maybe danger lest the patient should not
hold out until the urine be concocted。 But the most deadly of all
kinds of urine are the fetid； watery； black； and thick； in adult men
and women the black is of all kinds of urine the worst； but in
children； the watery。 In those who pass thin and crude urine for a
length of time； if they have otherwise symptoms of convalescence； an
abscess may be expected to form in the parts below the diaphragm。
And fatty substances floating on the surface are to be dreaded； for
they are indications of melting。 And one should consider respecting
the kinds of urine； which have clouds； whether they tend upwards or
downwards； and upwards or downwards； and the colors which they have
and such as fall downwards； with the colors as described； are to be
reckoned good and commended； but such as are carried upwards； with the
colors as described； are to be held as bad； and are to be
distrusted。 But you must not allow yourself to be deceived if such
urine be passed while the bladder is diseased； for then it is a
symptom of the state； not of the general system； but of a particular
viscus。
13。 That vomiting is of most service which consists of phlegm and
bile mixed together； and neither very thick nor in great quantity； but
those vomitings which are more unmixed are worse。 But if that which is
vomited be of the color of leeks or livid； or black； whatever of these
colors it be； it is to be reckoned bad； but if the same man vomit
all these colors； it is to be reckoned a very fatal symptom。 But of
all the vomitings； the livid indicates the danger of death； provided
it be of a fetid smell。 But all the smells which are somewhat putrid
and fetid； are bad in all vomitings。
14。 The expectoration in all pains about the lungs and sides； should
be quickly and easily brought up； and a certain degree of yellowness
should appear strongly mixed up with the sputum。 But if brought up
long after the commencement of the pain； and of a yellow or ruddy
color； or if it occasions much cough； or be not strongly mixed； it
is worse； for that which is intensely yellow is dangerous； but the
white； and viscid； and round； do no good。 But that which is very green
and frothy is bad； but if so intense as to appear black； it is still
more dangerous than these； it is dangerous than these； it is bad； if
nothing is expectorated； and the lungs discharge nothing； but are
gorged with matters which boil （as it were） in the air…passages。 It is
bad when coryza and sneezing either precede or follow affections of
the lungs； but in all other affections； even the most deadly； sneezing
is a salutary symptom。 A yellow spittle mixed up with not much blood
in cases of pneumonia； is salutary and very beneficial if spit up at
the commencement of the disease； but if on the seventh day； or still
later； it is less favorable。 And all sputa are bad which do not remove
the pain。 But the worst is the black； as has been described。 Of all
others the sputa which remove the pain are the best。
15。 When the pains in these regions do not cease； either with the
discharge of the sputa； nor with alvine evacuations； nor from
venesection； purging with medicine； nor a suitable regimen； it is to
be held that they will terminate in suppurations。 Of empyemata such as
are spit up while the sputum is still bilious； are very fatal； whether
the bilious portion be expectorated separate； or along with the other；
but more especially if the empyema begin to advance after this
sputum on the seventh day of the disease。 It is to be expected that
a person with such an expectoration shall die on the fourteenth day；
unless something favorable supervene。 The following are favorable
symptoms： to support the disease easily； to have free respiration；
to be free from pain； to have the sputa readily brought up； the
whole body to appear equally warm and soft； to have no thirst； the
urine； and faeces； sleep； and sweats to be all favorable； as described
before； when all these symptoms concur； the patient certainly will not
die； but if some of these be present and some not； he will not survive
longer than the fourteenth day。 The bad symptoms are the opposite of
these； namely； to bear the disease with difficulty； respiration
large and dense； the pain not ceasing； the sputum scarcely coughed up；
strong thirst； to have the body unequally affected by the febrile
heat； the belly and sides intensely hot； the forehead； hands； and feet
cold； the urine； and excrements； the sleep； and sweats； all bad；
agreeably to the characters described above； if such a combination
of symptoms accompany the expectoration； the man will certainly die
before the fourteenth day； and eit