《the proposed territory of arizona(亚桑 那的预定疆界)》

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tax upon our first feeble efforts to develop the resources of this remote and 

unprotected country。 

       Very truly yours;      C。 D。 Poston。 

       To Lieut。 Mowry; U。 S。 A。; Washington; D。 C。 

     〃We   are   living   without   the   protection   of   law  or   the   ameliorations   of 

society。 New Mexico affords us no protection。 We have not even received 

an order for election。 Every one goes armed to the teeth; and a difficulty is 

sure    to  prove    fatal。  In  this  state  of   affairs  it  is  impossible    to  hold    a 

convention。〃 

       Tueson; Oct。 1; 1857。 

     We are pleased to hear that the prospect for Arizona is so bright。 If you 

should succeed in getting a separate organization for Arizona; you will lay 

the   people   under   many   obligations   to   you。 You   have   no   doubt   received 

many      petitions   for   Congress;     and   also   your   certificate   of   election   as 

delegate   for   this   purchase。   You   received   the   entire   vote;   there   was   no 

difference of opinion among the voters。 

       Your ob't serv't; J。 A。 Douglas。 

       Lt。 Mowry; U。 S。 A。 Tueson; Oct。 25; 1857。 

       I  send   you   the   last   petition   from  the Territory。 The   work   is   now  in 

your hands; and we say; God speed it。 

       G。 H。 Oury。 

       Tueson; Arizona Territory; Oct。 17; 1857。 

     Every   thing   begins   to   look   up   in   the   Territory   notwithstanding   the 

difficulties we  labor under。 The Indians   the other day came   within  eight 

hundred yards of Fort Buchanan and remained some time; and when they 

left carried off with them all the horses and mules in the valley for six or 

eight miles below。 Try your hand in this matter of our Territory; and see if 

some     change     cannot    be  wrought     to   some    benefitwe     need   it  greatly。 

Very truly yours; G。 H。 Oury。 



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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



     孴 ueson; Oct。 2; 1857。 

     We have heard from Mesilla and they fully concur with us in all we 

have done; showing that you are the person chosen to act for them and to 

represent their interest in this matter。 The people here are very much elated 

at   the   turn   things   are   taking;   and   every   one   seems   to   be   highly   pleased 

with    the   course    you   have    pursued。    An    election    was   held   on   the   first 

Monday  in   September;   at   which   you   received   all   the   votes   given;   and   a 

certificate   of   your   election;   signed   by   the   judges   and   clerks;   has   been 

forwarded   to   you。   The   country   is   being   settled   very   fast;   and   there   is 

somewhat   of   a   stir   to   obtain   cultivated   lands。   The   lands   already   under 

cultivation are now fifty per cent。 higher than a short time back。 The great 

misfortune we labor under is want of protection。 Thousands and thousands 

of acres of land; as rich and fertile as any on the face of the globe; lie idle 

and   useless   because   they   are   not   protected   from   the Apaches。   We   want 

only     one     thing    besides     the    Territorial    organization;       and    that    is 

PROTECTION。 

       Very truly yours; S。 Warner。 

       Oct。 8; 1857。 

     The guerilla   warfare on   the Sonora  frontier continues   with   increased 

aggravation。 We look for the happiest result from the exploration of this 

interesting region of the Colorado; about to be explored by Lieut。 Ives; U。 

S。   A。   The    ores   from   the   Heintzelman       mine    took   the   premium      at  the 

mechanics'       fair   in  San    Francisco;     just   closed;    where    the   ores    from 

California   and   the   western   coast   were   on   exhibition。   So;  Arizona   leads 

California; the great mineral State。 

     All   we   need   is   good   government   and   honest;   liberal   legislation   to 

make      Arizona     equal   in  production      of  precious     metals;    if  not  exceed; 

California。 

       Yours truly; C。 D。 Poston。         Lt。 Mowry; U。 S。 A。 

       Fort Yuma; June 2; 1857。 

     News   has   just   come   in   from   the   Arizona   which   represent   an   awful 

state of affairs。 During the time Mr。 Belknap was below at Sonora it was 

unsafe     for   him    to   go   out   unless     accompanied        by   his   friend;   Don 

Gaudaloupe Orosco; and even then it was very dangerous。 No news from 



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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



Sonora nor even   an arrival for the last twenty days。 God knows what is 

going on;   though   of one  thing   we  are certainno American; never  mind 

whatsoever he may be; can go into Sonora; with or without a passport。 

       Very sincerely yours; P。 R。 Brady。        孉 ug。 5; 1850。 

     The    condition     of  the  purchase     has   been    extremely     bad   since   the 

unfortunate and injudicious expedition of Crabbe into Sonora; and at the 

present time is but little better than a field of guerilla warfare; robbery and 

plunder。 

     The exasperated state of feeling between the Mexicans and Americans 

prevents intercourse and commerce; upon which the Territory is dependent。 

Americans   are   afraid   to   venture   into   Sonora   for   supplies;   and   Mexicans 

afraid to venture over the line。 Americans who had nothing to do with the 

fillibustering invasion have been treated badly in Sonora and driven out of 

the   country;   and   Mexicans   coming   into   the   purchase   with   supplies   and 

animals have been robbed and plundered by the returned fillibusters。 

     The Americans in the Territory are by no means harmonious on these 

subjectssome in favor of filibustering and others opposed to it; some in 

favor   of   murdering   and   robbing   Mexicans   wherever   found;   and   others 

opposed to it。 

     It results that we are in a state of anarchy; and there is no government; 

no protection to life; property; or business; no law and no self…respect or 

morality   among   the   people。   We   are   living   in   a   perfect   state   of   nature; 

without      the   restraining    influence     of   civil   or   military    law;   or   the 

amelioration of society。 

     There have not been many conflicts and murders; because every man 

goes armed to the teeth; and a difficulty is always fatal on one side or the 

other。   In   the   midst   of   all   this;   the   Government   has   blessed   us   with   a 

custom  house   at   Calabazos   to   collect   duties   upon   the necessaries   of   life 

which; by chance and 〃running the gauntlet;〃 we may get from Sonora。 

     God   send   that   we   had   been   left   alone   with   the Apaches。   We   should 

have been a thousand times better off in every respect。 

     In this state of affairs it is scarcely to be expected that the people will 

meet together in a convention; there was no arrangement for that purpose 

up to the time of my leaving; and none could be made。 



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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF ARIZONA。 



     We have never had any orders of election from Santa Fe; nor heard of 

any convention。 

     Yours truly; C。 D。 Poston。 

       Major   Fitzgerald;   U。   S。   A。;   whose   long   experience   on   the   Pacific 

coast   makes   his   opinion   very   valuable;   in   a   letter   dated   Fort   Buchanan; 

Arizona; Sept。 17th; 1854; says: 

     〃The     citizens    of   this   country     are   very    desirous     of  a   territorial 

organization;   with   its   courts;   &c。   Murders   are   committed   and   stock   is 

stolen by white men with impunity。 There is no court nearer than the Rio 

Grande      (300    miles)    to  take    cognizance      of   crime。   Some      few   of   the 

emigrants   of   this   year   have   remained   in   the   Santa   Cruz   valley。   More 

would   have   done   so;   no   doubt;   if   they   had   not   started   from   the   States 

originally with stock for the California market。 

     The   country   around   us   is   now   beautiful。   It   has   been   raining   almost 

daily since the 1st of July; and the vegetation is most luxuriant。 Many of 

the   Mexican   citizens   come   over   the   line   for   purposes   of   trade;   bringing 

flour; fruit; and leather。 If there was no custom house at Calabazas; these 

articles could be had very cheaply。 

     We   have   very   excellent   gardens;   and   plenty   of   vegetables。   There   is 

said   to   be   a   good   deal   of   cultivable   land   on   the   upper   Gila;   and   if   a 

territory is created; it should embrace this。 This would also include a large 

part of the Colorado valley above the junction of the Gila。 That you may 

succeed in your wishes with regard to Arizona; is the sincere desire of 

       Your friend and obliged serv't; E。 H。 Fitzgerald。〃 

       Lt。 Mowry; U。 S。 A。 

       A subsequent letter from Major Fitzgerald dated Oct。 1st; says Tueson 

contains rising five hundred inhabitants; the remainder of the Santa Cruz 

altogether enough to make considerable over a thousand; independent of 

the   population   towards   and   upon   the   Gila   and   Colorado;   of   which   he 

remarks; 

     〃You   know   more   than   I。〃   〃There   is   not   a   doubt   but   that   upon   the 

location of the mail route; there will be a considerable emigration to this 

country; and if a portion of Sonora be organized; large numbers will come 

both from the East and West。 The country is an excellent one for stock of 



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                 MEMOIR OF THE PROPOSED TERRITORY OF AR
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