in darkest england and the way out- 第32部分

With　the　piggery　there　would　grow　up　a　great　bacon　factory　for　curing；　and　that　again　would　make　more　work。　　Then　as　for　sausages　they　would　be　produced　literally　by　the　mile；　and　all　made　of　the　best　meat　instead　of　being　manufactured　out　of　the　very　objectionable　ingredients　too　often　stowed　away　in　that　poor　man's　favourite　ration。

Food；　however；　is　only　one　of　the　materials　which　will　be　collected　by　the　Household　Salvage　Brigade。　　The　barges　which　float　down　the　river　with　the　tide；　laden　to　the　brim　with　the　cast…off　waste　of　half　a　million　homes；　will　bring　down　an　enormous　quantity　of　material　which　cannot　be　eaten　even　by　pigs。　　There　will　be；　for　instance；　the　old　bones。　　At　present　it　pays　speculators　to　go　to　the　prairies　of　America　and　gather　up　the　bleached　bones　of　the　dead　buffaloes；　in　order　to　make　manure。　　It　pays　manufacturers　to　bring　bones　from　the　end　of　the　earth　in　order　to　grind　them　up　for　use　on　our　fields。　But　the　waste　bones　of　London；　who　collects　them？　　I　see；　as　in　a　vision；　barge　loads　upon　barge　loads　of　bones　floating　down　the　Thames　to　the　great　Bone　Factory。　　Some　of　the　best　will　yield　material　for　knife　handles　and　buttons；　and　the　numberless　articles　which　will　afford　ample　opportunity　in　the　long　winter　evenings　for　the　acquisition　of　skill　on　the　part　of　our　Colonist　carvers；　while　the　rest　will　go　straight　to　the　Manure　Mill。　　There　will　be　a　constant　demand　for　manure　on　the　part　of　our　ever…increasing　nests　of　new　Colonies　and　our　Co…operative　Farm；　every　man　in　which　will　be　educated　in　the　great　doctrine　that　there　is　no　good　agriculture　without　liberal　manuring。　　And　here　will　be　an　unfailing　source　of　supply。

Among　the　material　which　comes　down　will　be　an　immense　quantity　of　greasy　matter；　bits　of　fat；　suet　and　lard；　tallow；　strong　butter；　and　all　the　rancid　fat　of　a　great　city。　　For　all　that　we　shall　have　to　find　use。　　The　best　of　it　will　make　waggon　grease；　the　rest；　after　due　boiling　and　straining；　will　form　the　nucleus　of　the　raw　material　which　will　make　our　Social　Soap　a　household　word　throughout　the　kingdom。　After　the　Manure　Works；　the　Soap　Factory　will　be　the　natural　adjunct　of　our　operations。

The　fourth　great　output　of　the　daily　waste　of　London　will　be　waste　paper　and　rags；　which；　after　being　chemically　treated；　and　duly　manipulated　by　machinery；　will　be　re…issued　to　the　world　in　the　shape　of　paper。　　The　Salvation　Army　consumes　no　less　than　thirty　tons　of　paper　every　week。　　Here；　therefore；　would　be　one　customer　for　as　much　paper　as　the　new　mill　would　be　able　to　turn　out　at　the　onset；　paper　on　which　we　could　print　the　glad　tidings　of　great　joy；　and　tell　the　poor　of　all　nations　the　news　of　salvation　for　earth　and　Heaven；　full；　present；　and　free　to　all　the　children　of　men。

Then　comes　the　tin。　　It　will　go　hard　with　us　if　we　cannot　find　some　way　of　utilizing　these　tins；　whether　we　make　them　into　flowerpots　with　a　coat　of　enamel；　or　convert　them　into　ornaments；　or　cut　them　up　for　toys　or　some　other　purpose。　　My　officers　have　been　instructed　to　make　an　exhaustive　report　on　the　way　the　refuse　collectors　of　Paris　deal　with　the　sardine　tins。　　The　industry　of　making　tin　toys　will　be　one　which　can　be　practised　better　in　the　Farm　Colony　than　in　the　City。　If　necessary；　we　shall　bring　an　accomplished　workman　from　France；　who　will　teach　our　people　the　way　of　dealing　with　the　tin。

In　connection　with　all　this　it　is　obvious　there　would　be　a　constant　demand　for　packing　cases；　for　twine；　rope；　and　for　boxes　of　all　kinds；　for　carts　and　cars；　and；　in　short；　we　should　before　long　have　a　complete　community　practising　almost　all　the　trades　that　are　to　be　found　in　London；　except　the　keeping　of　grog　shops；　the　whole　being　worked　upon　co…operative　principles；　but　co…operation　not　for　the　benefit　of　the　individual　co…operator；　but　for　the　benefit　of　the　sunken　mass　that　lies　behind　it。

RULES　AND　REGULATIONS　FOR　THE　GOVERNMENT　OF　COLONISTS。

A　document　containing　the　Orders　and　Regulations　for　the　Government　of　the　Colony　must　be　approved　and　signed　by　every　Colonist　before　admission。　　Amongst　other　things　there　will　be　the　following：　

1。　　All　Officers　must　be　treated　respectfully　and　implicitly　obeyed。

2。　　The　use　of　intoxicants　strictly　prohibited；　none　being　allowed　　　　　within　its　borders。　　Any　Colonist　guilty　of　violating　this　Order　to　　　　　be　expelled；　and　that　on　the　first　offence。

3。　　Expulsion　for　drunkenness；　dishonesty；　or　falsehood　will　follow　the　　　　　third　offence。

4。　　Profane　language　strictly　forbidden。

5。　　No　cruelty　to　be　practised　on　man；　woman；　child；　or　animal。

6。　　Serious　offenders　against　the　virtue　of　women；　or　of　children　of　　　　　either　sex；　to　incur　immediate　expulsion。

7。　　After　a　certain　period　of　probation；　and　a　considerable　amount　of　　　　　patience；　all　who　will　not　work　to　be　expelled。

8。　　The　decision　of　the　Governor　of　the　Colony；　whether　in　the　City；　　　　　or　the　Farm；　or　Over　the　Sea；　to　be　binding　in　all　cases。

9。　　With　respect　to　penalties；　the　following　rules　will　be　acted　upon。　　　　　The　chief　reliance　for　the　maintenance　of　order；　as　has　been　　　　　observed　before；　will　be　placed　upon　the　spirit　of　love　which　will　　　　　prevail　throughout　the　community。　　But　as　it　cannot　be　expected　to　　　　　be　universally　successful；　certain　penalties　will　have　to　be　　　　　provided：　

　（a）　First　offences；　except　in　flagrant　cases；　will　be　recorded。　　（b）　The　second　offence　will　be　published。　　（c）　The　third　offence　will　incur　expulsion　or　being　handed　over　to　the　　　　　　authorities。

　Other　regulations　will　be　necessary　as　the　Scheme　develops。

There　will　be　no　attempt　to　enforce　upon　the　Colonists　the　rules　and　regulations　to　which　Salvation　Soldiers　are　subjected。　　Those　who　are　soundly　saved　and　who　of　their　own　free　will　desire　to　become　Salvationists　will；　of　course；　be　subjected　to　the　rules　of　the　Service。　　But　Colonists　who　are　willing　to　work　and　obey　the　orders　of　the　Commanding　Officer　will　only　be　subject　to　the　foregoing　and　similar　regulations；　in　all　other　things　they　will　be　left　free。

For　instance；　there　will　be　no　objection　to　field　recreations　or　any　outdoor　exercises　which　conduce　to　the　maintenance　of　health　and　spirits。　　A　reading　room　and　a　library　will　be　provided；　together　with　a　hall；　in　which　they　can　amuse　themselves　in　the　long　winter　nights　and　in　unfavourable　weather。　　These　things　are　not　for　the　Salvation　Army　Soldiers；　who　have　other　work　in　the　world；　but　for　those　who　are　not　in　the　Army　these　recreations　will　be　permissible。　　Gambling　and　anything　of　an　immoral　tendency　will　be　repressed　like　stealing。

There　will　probably　be　an　Annual　Exhibition　of　fruit　and　flowers；　at　which　all　the　Colonists　who　have　a　plot　of　garden　of　their　own　will　take　part。　　They　will　exhibit　their　fruit　and　vegetables　as　well　as　their　rabbits；　their　poultry　and　all　the　other　live…stock　of　the　farm。　Every　effort　will　be　made　to　establish　village　industries；　and　I　am　not　without　hope　but　that　we　may　be　able　to　restore　some　of　the　domestic　occupations　which　steam　has　compelled　us　to　confine　to　the　great　factories。　　The　more　the　Colony　can　be　made　self…supporting　the　better。　And　although　the　hand　loom　can　never　compete　with　Manchester　mills；　still　an　occupation　which　kept　the　hands　of　the　goodwife　busy　in　the　long　winter　nights；　is　not　to　be　despised　as　an　element　in　the　economics　of　the　Settlement。　　While　Manchester　and　Leeds　may　be　able　to　manufacture　common　goods　much　more　cheaply　than　they　can　be　spun　at　home；　even　these　emporiums；　with　all　their　grand　improvements　in　machinery；　would　be　sorely　pressed　to…day　to　compete　with　the　hand…loom　in　many　superior　classes　of　work。　　For　instance；　we　all　know　the　hand…sewn　boot　still　holds　its　own　against　the　most　perfect　article　that　machinery　can　turn　out。

There　would　be；　in　the　centre　of　the　Colony；　a　Public　Elementary　School　at　which　the　children　would　receive　training；　and　side　by　side　with　that　an　Agricultural　Industrial　School；　as　elsewhere　described。

The　religious　welfare　of　the　Colony　would　be　looked　after　by　the　Salvation　Army；　but　there　will　be　no　compulsion　to　take　part　in　its　services。　　The　Sabbath　will　be　strictly　observed；　no　unnecessary　work　will　be　done　in　the　Colony　on　that　day；　but　beyond　interdicted　labour；　the　Colonists　will　be　allowed　to　spend　Sunday　as　they　please。　It　will　be　the　fault　of　the　Salvation　Army　if　they　do　not　find　our　Sunday　Services　sufficiently　attractive　to　command　their　attendance。


SECTION　3。AGRICULTURAL　VILLAGES。

This　brings　me　to　the　next　feature　of　the　Scheme；　the　creation　of　agricultural　settlements　in　the　neighbourhood　of　the　Farm；　around　the　original　Estate。　　I　hope　to　obtain　land　for　the　purpose　of　allotments　which　can　be　taken　up　to　the　extent　of　so　many　acres　by　the　more　competent　Colonists　who　wish　to　remain　at　home　instead　of　going　abroad。　There　will　be　allotments　from　three　to　five　acres　with　a　cottage；　a　cow；　and　the　necessary　tools　and　seed　for　making　the　allotment　self…supporting。　　A　weekly　charge　will　be　imposed　for　the　he　repayment　of　the　cost　of　the　fixing　and　stock。　　The　tenant　will　of　course；　be　entitled　to　his　tenant…right；　but　adequate　precautions　will　be　taken　against　underletting　and　other　forms　by　which　sweating　makes　its　way　into　agricultural　communities。　　On　entering　into　possession；　the　tenant　will　become　responsible　for　his　own　and　his　family's　maintenance。　I　shall　stand　no　longer　in　the　relation　of　father　of　the　household　to　him；　as　I　do　to　the　other　members　of　the　Colony；　his　obligations　will　cease　to　me；　except　in　the　payment　of　his　rent。

The　creation　of　a　large　number　of　Allotment　Farms　would　make　the　establishment　of　a　creamery　necessary；　where　the　milk　could　be　brought　in　every　day　and　converted　into　butter　by　the　most　modern　methods；　with　the　least　possible　delay。　　Dairying；　which　has　in　some　places　on　the　Continent　almost　developed　to　a　fine　art；　is　in　a　very　backward　condition　in　this　country。　　But　by　co…operation　among　the　cottiers　and　an　intelligent　Headquarter　staff　much　could　be　done　which　at　present　appears　impossible。

The　tenant　will　be　allowed　permanent　tenancy　on　payment　of　an　annual　rent　or　land　tax；　subject；　of　course；　to　such　necessary　regulations　which　may　be　made　for　the　prevention　of　intemper