the wars of the jews- 第7部分

5。　And　now　did　many　of　the　priests；　even　when　they　saw　their　enemies　assailing　them　with　swords　in　their　hands；　without　any　disturbance；　go　on　with　their　Divine　worship；　and　were　slain　while　they　were　offering　their　drink…offerings；　and　burning　their　incense；　as　preferring　the　duties　about　their　worship　to　God　before　their　own　preservation。　The　greatest　part　of　them　were　slain　by　their　own　countrymen；　of　the　adverse　faction；　and　an　innumerable　multitude　threw　themselves　down　precipices；　nay；　some　there　were　who　were　so　distracted　among　the　insuperable　difficulties　they　were　under；　that　they　set　fire　to　the　buildings　that　were　near　to　the　wall；　and　were　burnt　together　with　them。　Now　of　the　Jews　were　slain　twelve　thousand；　but　of　the　Romans　very　few　were　slain；　but　a　greater　number　was　wounded。

6。　But　there　was　nothing　that　affected　the　nation　so　much；　in　the　calamities　they　were　then　under；　as　that　their　holy　place；　which　had　been　hitherto　seen　by　none；　should　be　laid　open　to　strangers；　for　Pompey；　and　those　that　were　about　him；　went　into　the　temple　itself　（8）　whither　it　was　not　lawful　for　any　to　enter　but　the　high　priest；　and　saw　what　was　reposited　therein；　the　candlestick　with　its　lamps；　and　the　table；　and　the　pouring　vessels；　and　the　censers；　all　made　entirely　of　gold；　as　also　a　great　quantity　of　spices　heaped　together；　with　two　thousand　talents　of　sacred　money。　Yet　did　not　he　touch　that　money；　nor　any　thing　else　that　was　there　reposited；　but　he　commanded　the　ministers　about　the　temple；　the　very　next　day　after　he　had　taken　it；　to　cleanse　it；　and　to　perform　their　accustomed　sacrifices。　Moreover；　he　made　Hyrcanus　high　priest；　as　one　that　not　only　in　other　respects　had　showed　great　alacrity；　on　his　side；　during　the　siege；　but　as　he　had　been　the　means　of　hindering　the　multitude　that　was　in　the　country　from　fighting　for　Aristobulus；　which　they　were　otherwise　very　ready　to　have　done；　by　which　means　he　acted　the　part　of　a　good　general；　and　reconciled　the　people　to　him　more　by　benevolence　than　by　terror。　Now；　among　the　Captives；　Aristobulus's　father…in…law　was　taken；　who　was　also　his　uncle：　so　those　that　were　the　most　guilty　he　punished　with　decollatlon；　but　rewarded　Faustus；　and　those　with　him　that　had　fought　so　bravely；　with　glorious　presents；　and　laid　a　tribute　upon　the　country；　and　upon　Jerusalem　itself。

7。　He　also　took　away　from　the　nation　all　those　cities　that　they　had　formerly　taken；　and　that　belonged　to　Celesyria；　and　made　them　subject　to　him　that　was　at　that　time　appointed　to　be　the　Roman　president　there；　and　reduced　Judea　within　its　proper　bounds。　He　also　rebuilt　Gadara；　（9）　that　had　been　demolished　by　the　Jews；　in　order　to　gratify　one　Demetrius；　who　was　of　Gadara；　and　was　one　of　his　own　freed…men。　He　also　made　other　cities　free　from　their　dominion；　that　lay　in　the　midst　of　the　country；　such；　I　mean；　as　they　had　not　demolished　before　that　time；　Hippos；　and　Scythopolis；　as　also　Pella；　and　Samaria；　and　Marissa；　and　besides　these　Ashdod；　and　Jamnia；　and　Arethusa；　and　in　like　manner　dealt　he　with　the　maritime　cities；　Gaza；　and　Joppa；　and　Dora；　and　that　which　was　anciently　called　Strato's　Tower；　but　was　afterward　rebuilt　with　the　most　magnificent　edifices；　and　had　its　name　changed　to　Cesarea；　by　king　Herod。　All　which　he　restored　to　their　own　citizens；　and　put　them　under　the　province　of　Syria；　which　province；　together　with　Judea；　and　the　countries　as　far　as　Egypt　and　Euphrates；　he　committed　to　Scaurus　as　their　governor；　and　gave　him　two　legions　to　support　him；　while　he　made　all　the　haste　he　could　himself　to　go　through　Cilicia；　in　his　way　to　Rome；　having　Aristobulus　and　his　children　along　with　him　as　his　captives。　They　were　two　daughters　and　two　sons；　the　one　of　which　sons；　Alexander；　ran　away　as　he　was　going；　but　the　younger；　Antigonus；　with　his　sisters；　were　carried　to　Rome。

CHAPTER　8。

Alexander；　The　Son　Of　Aristobulus；　Who　Ran　Away　From　Pompey；　Makes　An　Expedition　Against　Hyrcanus；　But　Being　Overcome　By　Gabinius　He　Delivers　Up　The　Fortresses　To　Him。　After　This　Aristobulus　Escapes　From　Rome　And　Gathers　An　Army　Together；　But　Being　Beaten　By　The　Romans；　He　Is　Brought　Back　To　Rome；　With　Other　Things　Relating　To　Gabinius；　Crassus　And　Cassius。

1。　In　the　mean　time；　Scaurus　made　an　expedition　into　Arabia；　but　was　stopped　by　the　difficulty　of　the　places　about　Petra。　However；　he　laid　waste　the　country　about　Pella；　though　even　there　he　was　under　great　hardship；　for　his　army　was　afflicted　with　famine。　In　order　to　supply　which　want；　Hyrcanus　afforded　him　some　assistance；　and　sent　him　provisions　by　the　means　of　Antipater；　whom　also　Scaurus　sent　to　Aretas；　as　one　well　acquainted　with　him；　to　induce　him　to　pay　him　money　to　buy　his　peace。　The　king　of　Arabia　complied　with　the　proposal；　and　gave　him　three　hundred　talents；　upon　which　Scaurus　drew　his　army　out　of　Arabia　（10）　　2。　But　as　for　Alexander；　that　son　of　Aristobulus　who　ran　away　from　Pompey；　in　some　time　he　got　a　considerable　band　of　men　together；　and　lay　heavy　upon　Hyrcanus；　and　overran　Judea；　and　was　likely　to　overturn　him　quickly；　and　indeed　he　had　come　to　Jerusalem；　and　had　ventured　to　rebuild　its　wall　that　was　thrown　down　by　Pompey；　had　not　Gabinius；　who　was　sent　as　successor　to　Scaurus　into　Syria；　showed　his　bravery；　as　in　many　other　points；　so　in　making　an　expedition　against　Alexander；　who；　as　he　was　afraid　that　he　would　attack　him；　so　he　got　together　a　large　army；　composed　of　ten　thousand　armed　footmen；　and　fifteen　hundred　horsemen。　He　also　built　walls　about　proper　places；　Alexandrium；　and　Hyrcanium；　and　Machorus；　that　lay　upon　the　mountains　of　Arabia。

3。　However；　Gabinius　sent　before　him　Marcus　Antonius；　and　followed　himself　with　his　whole　army；　but　for　the　select　body　of　soldiers　that　were　about　Antipater；　and　another　body　of　Jews　under　the　command　of　Malichus　and　Pitholaus；　these　joined　themselves　to　those　captains　that　were　about　Marcus　Antonius；　and　met　Alexander；　to　which　body　came　Oabinius　with　his　main　army　soon　afterward；　and　as　Alexander　was　not　able　to　sustain　the　charge　of　the　enemies'　forces；　now　they　were　joined；　he　retired。　But　when　he　was　come　near　to　Jerusalem；　he　was　forced　to　fight；　and　lost　six　thousand　men　in　the　battle；　three　thousand　of　which　fell　down　dead；　and　three　thousand　were　taken　alive；　so　he　fled　with　the　remainder　to　Alexandrium。

4。　Now　when　Gabinius　was　come　to　Alexandrium；　because　he　found　a　great　many　there　en…camped；　he　tried；　by　promising　them　pardon　for　their　former　offenses；　to　induce　them　to　come　over　to　him　before　it　came　to　a　fight；　but　when　they　would　hearken　to　no　terms　of　accommodation；　he　slew　a　great　number　of　them；　and　shut　up　a　great　number　of　them　in　the　citadel。　Now　Marcus　Antonius；　their　leader；　signalized　himself　in　this　battle；　who；　as　he　always　showed　great　courage；　so　did　he　never　show　it　so　much　as　now；　but　Gabinius；　leaving　forces　to　take　the　citadel；　went　away　himself；　and　settled　the　cities　that　had　not　been　demolished；　and　rebuilt　those　that　had　been　destroyed。　Accordingly；　upon　his　injunctions；　the　following　cities　were　restored：　Scythopolis；　and　Samaria；　and　Anthedon；　and　Apollonia；　and　Jamnia；　and　Raphia；　and　Mariassa；　and　Adoreus；　and　Gamala；　and　Ashdod；　and　many　others；　while　a　great　number　of　men　readily　ran　to　each　of　them；　and　became　their　inhabitants。

5。　When　Gabinius　had　taken　care　of　these　cities；　he　returned　to　Alexandrium；　and　pressed　on　the　siege。　So　when　Alexander　despaired　of　ever　obtaining　the　government；　he　sent　ambassadors　to　him；　and　prayed　him　to　forgive　what　he　had　offended　him　in；　and　gave　up　to　him　the　remaining　fortresses；　Hyrcanium　and　Macherus；　as　he　put　Alexandrium　into　his　hands　afterwards；　all　which　Gabinius　demolished；　at　the　persuasion　of　Alexander's　mother；　that　they　might　not　be　receptacles　of　men　in　a　second　war。　She　was　now　there　in　order　to　mollify　Gabinius；　out　of　her　concern　for　her　relations　that　were　captives　at　Rome；　which　were　her　husband　and　her　other　children。　After　this　Gabinius　brought　Hyrcanus　to　Jerusalem；　and　committed　the　care　of　the　temple　to　him；　but　ordained　the　other　political　government　to　be　by　an　aristocracy。　He　also　parted　the　whole　nation　into　five　conventions；　assigning　one　portion　to　Jerusalem；　another　to　Gadara；　that　another　should　belong　to　Amathus；　a　fourth　to　Jericho；　and　to　the　fifth　division　was　allotted　Sepphoris；　a　city　of　Galilee。　So　the　people　were　glad　to　be　thus　freed　from　monarchical　government；　and　were　governed　for　the　future　by　all　aristocracy。

6。　Yet　did　Aristobulus　afford　another　foundation　for　new　disturbances。　He　fled　away　from　Rome；　and　got　together　again　many　of　the　Jews　that　were　desirous　of　a　change；　such　as　had　borne　an　affection　to　him　of　old；　and　when　he　had　taken　Alexandrium　in　the　first　place；　he　attempted　to　build　a　wall　about　it；　but　as　soon　as　Gabinius　had　sent　an　army　against　him　under　Siscuria；　and　Antonius；　and　Servilius；　he　was　aware　of　it；　and　retreated　to　Macherus。　And　as　for　the　unprofitable　multitude；　he　dismissed　them；　and　only　marched　on　with　those　that　were　armed；　being　to　the　number　of　eight　thousand；　among　whom　was　Pitholaus；　who　had　been　the　lieutenant　at　Jerusalem；　but　deserted　to　Aristobulus　with　a　thousand　of　his　men；　so　the　Romans　followed　him；　and　when　it　came　to　a　battle；　Aristobulus's　party　for　a　long　time　fought　courageously；　but　at　length　they　were　overborne　by　the　Romans；　and　of　them　five　thousand　fell　down　dead；　and　about　two　thousand　fled　to　a　certain　little　hill；　but　the　thousand　that　remained　with　Aristobulus　brake　through　the　Roman　army；　and　marched　together　to　Macherus；　and　when　the　king　had　lodged　the　first　night　upon　its　ruins；　he　was　in　hopes　of　raising　another　army；　if　the　war　would　but　cease　a　while；　accordingly；　he　fortified　that　strong　hold；　though　it　was　done　after　a　poor　manner。　But　the　Romans　falling　upon　him；　he　resisted；　even　beyond　his　abilities；　for　two　days；　and　then　was　taken；　and　brought　a　prisoner　to　Gabinius；　with　Antigonus　his　son；　who　had　fled　away　together　with　him　from　Rome；　and　from　Gabinius　he　was　carried　to　Rome　again。　Wherefore　the　senate　put　him　under　confinement；　but　returned　his　children　back　to　Judea；　because　Gabinius　informed　them　by　letters　that　he　had　promised　Aristobulus's　mother　to　do　so；　for　her　delivering　the　fortresses　up　to　him。

7。　But　now　as　G