the wars of the jews- 第30部分

（34）　These　buildings　of　cities　by　the　name　of　Caesar；　and　institution　of　solemn　games　in　honor　of　Augustus　Caesar；　as　here；　and　in　the　Antiquities；　related　of　Herod　by　Josephus；　the　Roman　historians　attest　to；　as　things　then　frequent　in　the　provinces　of　that　empire；　as　Dean　Aldrich　observes　on　this　chapter。

（35）　There　were　two　cities；　or　citadels；　called　Herodium；　in　Judea；　and　both　mentioned　by　Josephus；　not　only　here；　but　Antiq。　B。　XIV。　ch。　13。　sect。　9；　B。　XV。　ch。　9。　sect。　6；　Of　the　War；　B。　I。　ch。　13。　sect。　8；　B。　III。　ch。　3。　sect。　5。　One　of　them　was　two　hundred；　and　the　other　sixty　furlongs　distant　from　Jerusalem。　One　of　them　is　mentioned　by　Pliny；　Hist。　Nat。　B。　V。　ch。　14。；　as　Dean　Aldrich　observes　here。

（36）　Here　seems　to　be　a　small　defect　in　the　copies；　which　describe　the　wild　beasts　which　were　hunted　in　a　certain　country　by　Herod；　without　naming　any　such　country　at　all。

（37）　Here　is　either　a　defect　or　a　great　mistake　in　Josephus's　present　copies　or　memory；　for　Mariamne　did　not　now　reproach　Herod　with　this　his　first　injunction　to　Joseph　to　kill　her；　if　he　himself　were　slain　by　Antony；　but　that　he　had　given　the　like　command　a　second　time　to　Soemus　also；　when　he　was　afraid　of　being　slain　by　Augustus。　Antiq。　B。　XV。　ch。　3。　sect。　5；　etc。

（38）　That　this　island　Eleusa；　afterward　called　Sebaste；　near　Cilicia；　had　in　it　the　royal　palace　of　this　Archclaus；　king　of　Cappadocia；　Strabo　testifies；　B。　XV。　p。　671。　Stephanus　of　Byzantiam　also　calls　it　〃an　island　of　Cilicia；　which　is　now　Sebaste；〃　both　whose　testimonies　are　pertinently　cited　here　by　Dr。　Hudson。　See　the　same　history；　Antiq。　B。　XVI。　ch。　10。　sect。　7。

（39）　That　it　was　an　immemorial　custom　among　the　Jews；　and　their　forefathers；　the　patriarchs；　to　have　sometimes　more　wives　or　wives　and　concubines；　than　one　at　the　same　the　and　that　this　polygamy　was　not　directly　forbidden　in　the　law　of　Moses　is　evident；　but　that　polygamy　was　ever　properly　and　distinctly　permitted　in　that　law　of　Moses；　in　the　places　here　cited　by　Dean　Aldrich；　Deuteronomy　17：16；　17；　or　21：15；　or　indeed　any　where　else；　does　not　appear　to　me。　And　what　our　Savior　says　about　the　common　Jewish　divorces；　which　may　lay　much　greater　claim　to　such　a　permission　than　polygamy；　seems　to　me　true　in　this　case　also；　that　Moses；　〃for　the　hardness　of　their　hearts；〃　suffered　them　to　have　several　wives　at　the　same　time；　but　that　〃from　the　beginning　it　was　not　so；〃　Matthew　19：8；　Mark　10：5。

（40）　This　vile　fellow；　Eurycles　the　Lacedemonian；　seems　to　have　been　the　same　who　is　mentioned　by　Plutarch；　as　（twenty…live　years　before）　a　companion　to　Mark　Antony；　and　as　living　with　Herod；　whence　he　might　easily　insinuate　himself　into　the　acquaintance　of　Herod's　sons；　Antipater　and　Alexander；　as　Usher；　Hudson；　and　Spanheim　justly　suppose。　The　reason　why　his　being　a　Spartan　rendered　him　acceptable　to　the　Jews　as　we　here　see　he　was；　is　visible　from　the　public　records　of　the　Jews　and　Spartans；　owning　those　Spartans　to　be　of　kin　to　the　Jews；　and　derived　from　their　common　ancestor　Abraham；　the　first　patriarch　of　the　Jewish　nation；　Antiq。　B。　XII。　ch。　4。　sect。　10；　B。　XIII。　ch。　5。　sect。　8；　and　1　Macc。　12：7。

（41）　See　the　preceding　note。

（42）　Dean　Aldrich　takes　notice　here；　that　these　nine　wives　of　Herod　were　alive　at　the　same　time；　and　that　if　the　celebrated　Mariamne；　who　was　now　dead；　be　reckoned；　those　wives　were　in　all　ten。　Yet　it　is　remarkable　that　he　had　no　more　than　fifteen　children　by　them　all。

（43）　To　prevent　confusion；　it　may　not　be　amiss；　with　Dean　Aldrich；　to　distinguish　between　four　Josephs　in　the　history　of　Herod。　1。　Joseph；　Herod's　uncle；　and　the　＇second＇　husband　of　his　sister　Salome；　slain　by　Herod；　on　account　of　Mariamne。

2。　Joseph；　Herod's　quaestor；　or　treasurer；　slain　on　the　same　account。　3。　Joseph；　Herod's　brother；　slain　in　battle　against　Antigonus。　4。　Joseph；　Herod's　nephew；　the　husband　of　Olympias；　mentioned　in　this　place。

（44）　These　daughters　of　Herod；　whom　Pheroras's　wife　affronted；　were　Salome　and　Roxana；　two　virgins；　who　were　born　to　him　of　his　two　wives；　Elpide　and　Phedra。　See　Herod's　genealogy；　Antiq。　B。　XVII。　ch。　1。　sect。　3。

（45）　This　strange　obstinacy　of　Pheroras　in　retaining　his　wife；　who　was　one　of　a　low　family；　and　refusing　to　marry　one　nearly　related　to　Herod；　though　he　so　earnestly　desired　it；　as　also　that　wife's　admission　to　the　counsels　of　the　other　great　court　ladies；　together　with　Herod's　own　importunity　as　to　Pheroras's　divorce　and　other　marriage；　all　so　remarkable　here；　or　in　the　Antiquities　XVII。　ch。　2。　sect。　4；　and　ch。　3。　be　well　accounted　for；　but　on　the　supposal　that　Pheroras　believed；　and　Herod　suspected；　that　the　Pharisees'　prediction；　as　if　the　crown　of　Judea　should　be　translated　from　Herod　to　Pheroras's　posterity　and　that　most　probably　to　Pheroras's　posterity　by　this　his　wife；　also　would　prove　true。　See　Antiq。　B。　XVII。　ch。　2。　sect。　4；　and　ch。　3。　sect。　1。

（46）　This　Tarentum　has　coins　still　extant；　as　Reland　informs　us　here　in　his　note。

（47）　A　lover　of　his　father。

（48）　Since　in　these　two　sections　we　have　an　evident　account　of　the　Jewish　opinions　in　the　days　of　Josephus；　about　a　future　happy　state；　and　the　resurrection　of　the　dead；　as　in　the　New　Testament；　John　11：24；　I　shall　here　refer　to　the　other　places　in　Josephus；　before　he　became　a　catholic　Christian；　which　concern　the　same　matters。　Of　the　War；　B。　II。　ch。　8。　sect。　10；　11；　B。　III。　ch。　8。　sect。　4；　B。　VII。　ch。　6。　sect。　7；　Contr。　Apion；　B。　II。　sect。　30；　where　we　may　observe；　that　none　of　these　passages　are　in　his　Books　of　Antiquities；　written　peculiarly　for　the　use　of　the　Gentiles；　to　whom　he　thought　it　not　proper　to　insist　on　topics　so　much　out　of　their　way　as　these　were。　Nor　is　this　observation　to　be　omitted　here；　especially　on　account　of　the　sensible　difference　we　have　now　before　us　in　Josephus's　reason　of　the　used　by　the　Rabbins　to　persuade　their　scholars　to　hazard　their　lives　for　the　vindication　of　God's　law　against　images；　by　Moses；　as　well　as　of　the　answers　those　scholars　made　to　Herod；　when　they　were　caught；　and　ready　to　die　for　the　same；　I　mean　as　compared　with　the　parallel　arguments　and　answers　represented　in　the　Antiquities；　B。　XVII。　ch。　6。　sect；　2；　3。　A　like　difference　between　Jewish　and　Gentile　notions　the　reader　will　find　in　my　notes　on　Antiquities；　B。　III。　ch。　7。　sect。　7；　B。　XV。　ch。　9。　sect。　1。　See　the　like　also　in　the　case　of　the　three　Jewish　sects　in　the　Antiquities；　B。　XIII。　ch。　5。　sect。　9；　and　ch。　10。　sect。　4；　5；　B。　XVIII。　ch。　1。　sect。　5；　and　compared　with　this　in　his　Wars　of　the　Jews；　B。　II。　ch。　8。　sect。　2…14。　Nor　does　St。　Paul　himself　reason　to　Gentiles　at　Athens；　Acts　17：16…34；　as　he　does　to　Jews　in　his　Epistles。

BOOK　II。

Containing　The　Interval　Of　Sixty…Nine　Years。

From　The　Death　Of　Herod　Till　Vespasian　Was　Sent　To　Subdue　The　Jews　By　Nero。

CHAPTER　1。

Archelaus　Makes　A　Funeral　Feast　For　The　People；　On　The　Account　Of　Herod。　After　Which　A　Great　Tumult　Is　Raised　By　The　Multitude　And　He　Sends　The　Soldiers　Out　Upon　Them；　Who　Destroy　About　Three　Thousand　Of　Them。

1。　Now　the　necessity　which　Archelaus　was　under　of　taking　a　journey　to　Rome　was　the　occasion　of　new　disturbances；　for　when　he　had　mourned　for　his　father　seven　days；　（1）　and　had　given　a　very　expensive　funeral　feast　to　the　multitude；　（which　custom　is　the　occasion　of　poverty　to　many　of　the　Jews；　because　they　are　forced　to　feast　the　multitude；　for　if　any　one　omits　it；　he　is　not　esteemed　a　holy　person；）　he　put　on　a　white　garment；　and　went　up　to　the　temple；　where　the　people　accosted　him　with　various　acclamations。　He　also　spake　kindly　to　the　multitude　from　an　elevated　seat　and　a　throne　of　gold；　and　returned　them　thanks　for　the　zeal　they　had　shown　about　his　father's　funeral；　and　the　submission　they　had　made　to　him；　as　if　he　were　already　settled　in　the　kingdom；　but　he　told　them　withal；　that　he　would　not　at　present　take　upon　him　either　the　authority　of　a　king；　or　the　names　thereto　belonging；　until　Caesar；　who　is　made　lord　of　this　whole　affair　by　the　testament；　confirm　the　succession；　for　that　when　the　soldiers　would　have　set　the　diadem　on　his　head　at　Jericho；　he　would　not　accept　of　it；　but　that　he　would　make　abundant　requitals；　not　to　the　soldiers　only；　but　to　the　people；　for　their　alacrity　and　good…will　to　him；　when　the　superior　lords　＇the　Romans＇　should　have　given　him　a　complete　title　to　the　kingdom；　for　that　it　should　be　his　study　to　appear　in　all　things　better　than　his　father。

2。　Upon　this　the　multitude　were　pleased；　and　presently　made　a　trial　of　what　he　intended；　by　asking　great　things　of　him；　for　some　made　a　clamor　that　he　would　ease　them　in　their　taxes；　others；　that　he　would　take　off　the　duties　upon　commodities；　and　some；　that　he　would　loose　those　that　were　in　prison；　in　all　which　cases　he　answered　readily　to　their　satisfaction；　in　order　to　get　the　good…will　of　the　multitude；　after　which　he　offered　＇the　proper＇　sacrifices；　and　feasted　with　his　friends。　And　here　it　was　that　a　great　many　of　those　that　desired　innovations　came　in　crowds　towards　the　evening；　and　began　then　to　mourn　on　their　own　account；　when　the　public　mourning　for　the　king　was　over。　These　lamented　those　that　were　put　to　death　by　Herod；　because　they　had　cut　down　the　golden　eagle　that　had　been　over　the　gate　of　the　temple。　Nor　was　this　mourning　of　a　private　nature；　but　the　lamentations　were　very　great；　the　mourning　solemn；　and　the　weeping　such　as　was　loudly　heard　all　over　the　city；　as　being　for　those　men　who　had　perished　for　the　laws　of　their　country；　and　for　the　temple。　They　cried　out　that　a　punishment　ought　to　be　inflicted　for　these　men　upon　those　that　were　honored　by　Herod；　and　that；　in　the　first　place；　the　man　whom　he　had　made　high　priest　should　be　deprived；　and　that　it　was　fit　to　choose　a　person　of　greater　piety　and　purity　than　he　was。

3。　At　these　clamors　Archelaus　was　provoked；　but　restrained　himself　from　taking　vengeance　on　the　authors；　on　account　of　the　haste　he　was　in　of　going　to　Rome；　as　fearing　lest；　upon　his　making　war　on　the　multitude；　such　an　action　might　detain　him　at　home。　Accordingly；　he　made　trial　to　quiet　the　innovators　by　persuasion；　rather　than　by　force；　and　sent　his　general　in　a　private　way　to　them；　and　by　him　exhorted　them　to　be　quiet。　But　the　seditious　threw　stones　at　him；　and　drove　him　away；　as　he　came　into　the　temple；　and　before　he　could　say　any　th