n both sides that came behind forced those before them to go on； without leaving any space between the armies。 At length the Jews' violent zeal was too hard for the Romans' skill； and the battle already inclined entirely that way； for the fight had lasted from the ninth hour of the night till the seventh hour of the day； While the Jews came on in crowds； and had the danger the temple was in for their motive； the Romans having no more here than a part of their army； for those legions； on which the soldiers on that side depended； were not come up to them。 So it was at present thought sufficient by the Romans to take possession of the tower of Antonia。 8。 But there was one Julian； a centurion； that came from Eithynia； a man he was of great reputation； whom I had formerly seen in that war； and one of the highest fame； both for his skill in war； his strength of body； and the courage of his soul。 This man； seeing the Romans giving ground； and ill a sad condition； （for he stood by Titus at the tower of Antonia；） leaped out； and of himself alone put the Jews to flight； when they were already conquerors； and made them retire as far as the corner of the inner court of the temple； from him the multitude fled away in crowds； as supposing that neither his strength nor his violent attacks could be those of a mere man。 Accordingly； he rushed through the midst of the Jews； as they were dispersed all abroad； and killed those that he caught。 Nor； indeed； was there any sight that appeared more wonderful in the eyes of Caesar； or more terrible to others； than this。 However； he was himself pursued by fate； which it all not possible that he； who was but a mortal man； should escape； for as he had shoes all full of thick and sharp nails （4） as had every one of the other soldiers； so when he ran on the pavement of the temple； he slipped； and fell down upon his back with a very great noise； which was made by his armor。 This made those that were running away to turn back； whereupon those Romans that were in the tower of Antonia set up a great shout； as they were in fear for the man。 But the Jews got about him in crowds； and struck at him with their spears and with their swords on all sides。 Now he received a great many of the strokes of these iron weapons upon his shield； and often attempted to get up again； but was thrown down by those that struck at him； yet did he； as he lay along； stab many of them with his sword。 Nor was he soon killed； as being covered with his helmet and his breastplate in all those parts of his body where he might be mortally wounded； he also pulled his neck close to his body； till all his other limbs were shattered； and nobody durst come to defend him； and then he yielded to his fate。 Now Caesar was deeply affected on account of this man of so great fortitude； and especially as he was killed in the sight of so many people； he was desirous himself to come to his assistance； but the place would not give him leave； while such as could have done it were too much terrified to attempt it。 Thus when Julian had struggled with death a great while； and had let but few of those that had given him his mortal wound go off unhurt； he had at last his throat cut； though not without some difficulty； and left behind him a very great fame； not only among the Romans； and with Caesar himself； but among his enemies also； then did the Jews catch up his dead body； and put the Romans to flight again； and shut them up in the tower of Antonia。 Now those that most signalized themselves； and fought most zealously in this battle of the Jewish side； were one Alexas and Gyphtheus； of John's party； and of Simon's party were Malachias； and Judas the son of Merto； and James the son of Sosas； the commander of the Idumeans； and of the zealots； two brethren； Simon and Judas； the sons of Jairus。
CHAPTER 2。 How Titus Gave Orders To Demolish The Tower Of Antonia And Then Persuaded Josephus To Exhort The Jews Again ＇To A Surrender＇。 1。 And now Titus gave orders to his soldiers that were with him to dig up the foundations of the tower of Antonia； and make him a ready passage for his army to come up； while he himself had Josephus brought to him； （for he had been informed that on that very day； which was the seventeenth day （5）of Panemus； ＇Tamuz；＇ the sacrifice called 〃the Daily Sacrifice〃 had failed； and had not been offered to God； for want of men to offer it； and that the people were grievously troubled at it；） and commanded him to say the same things to John that he had said before； that if he had any malicious inclination for fighting； he might come out with as many of his men as he pleased； in order to fight； without the danger of destroying either his city or temple； but that he desired he would not defile the temple； nor thereby offend against God。 That he might； if he pleased； offer the sacrifices which were now discontinuned by any of the Jews whom he should pitch upon。 Upon this Josephus stood in such a place where he might be heard； not by John only； but by many more； and then declared to them what Caesar had given him in charge； and this in the Hebrew language。 （6） So he earnestly prayed them to spare their own city； and to prevent that fire which was just ready to seize upon the temple； and to offer their usual sacrifices to God therein。 At these words of his a great sadness and silence were observed among the people。 But the tyrant himself cast many reproaches upon Josephus； with imprecations besides； and at last added this withal； that he did never fear the taking of the city； because it was God's own city。 In answer to which Josephus said thus with a loud voice： 〃To be sure thou hast kept this city wonderfully pure for God's sake； the temple also continues entirely unpolluted！ Nor hast thou been guilty of ally impiety against him for whose assistance thou hopest！ He still receives his accustomed sacrifices！ Vile wretch that thou art！ if any one should deprive thee of thy daily food； thou wouldst esteem him to be an enemy to thee； but thou hopest to have that God for thy supporter in this war whom thou hast deprived of his everlasting worship； and thou imputest those sins to the Romans； who to this very time take care to have our laws observed； and almost compel these sacrifices to be still offered to God； which have by thy means been intermitted！ Who is there that can avoid groans and lamentations at the amazing change that is made in this city？ since very foreigners and enemies do now correct that impiety which thou hast occasioned； while thou； who art a Jew； and wast educated in our laws； art become a greater enemy to them than the others。 But still； John； it is never dishonorable to repent； and amend what hath been done amiss； even at the last extremity。 Thou hast an instance before thee in Jechoniah； （7） the king of the Jews； if thou hast a mind to save the city； who； when the king of Babylon made war against him； did of his own accord go out of this city before it was taken； and did undergo a voluntary captivity with his family； that the sanctuary might not be delivered up to the enemy； and that he might not see the house of God set on fire； on which account he is celebrated among all the Jews； in their sacred memorials； and his memory is become immortal； and will be conveyed fresh down to our posterity through all ages。 This； John； is an excellent example in such a time of danger； and I dare venture to promise that the Romans shall still forgive thee。 And take notice that I； who make this exhortation to thee； am one of thine own nation； I； who am a Jew； do make this promise to thee。 And it will become thee to consider who I am that give thee this counsel； and whence I am derived； for while I am alive I shall never be in such slavery； as to forego my own kindred； or forget the laws of our forefathers。 Thou hast indignation at me again； and makest a clamor at me； and reproachest me； indeed I cannot deny but I am worthy of worse treatment than all this amounts to； because； in opposition to fate； I make this kind invitation to thee； and endeavor to force deliverance upon those whom God hath condemned。 And who is there that does not know what the writings of the ancient prophets contain in them； … and particularly that oracle which is just now going to be fulfilled upon this miserable city？ For they foretold that this city should be then taken when somebody shall begin the slaughter of his own countrymen。 And are not both the city and the entire temple now full of the dead bodies of your countrymen？ It is God； therefore； it is God himself who is bringing on this fire； to purge that city and temple by means of the Romans； （8） and is going to pluck up this city； which is full of your pollutions。〃 2。 As Josephus spoke these words； with groans and tears in his eyes； his voice was intercepted by sobs。 However； the Romans could not but pity the affliction he was under； and wonder at his conduct。 But for John； and those that were with him； they were but the more exasperated against the Romans on this account； and were desirous to get Josephus also into their power： yet did that discourse influence a great many of the better sort； and truly some of them were so afraid of the guards set by the seditious； that they tarried where they were； but still were satisfied that both they and the city were doomed to destruction。 Some also there were who； watching a proper opportunity when they might quietly get away； fled to the Romans； of whom were the high priests Joseph and Jesus； and of the sons of high priests three； whose father was Ishmael； who was beheaded in Cyrene； and four sons of Matthias； as also one son of the other Matthias； who ran away after his father's death； （9） and whose father was slain by Simon the son of Gioras； with three of his sons； as I have already related； many also of the other nobility went over to the Romans； together with the high priests。 Now Caesar not only received these men very kindly in other respects； but； knowing they would not willingly live after the customs of other nations； he sent them to Gophna； and desired them to remain there for the present； and told them； that when he was gotten clear of this war； he would restore each of them to their possessions again； so they cheerfully retired to that small city which was allot