Egypt。 And Strabo of Cappadocia bears witness to this； when he
says thus； in the name of Aslnius： 〃After Mithridates had invaded
Egypt； and with him Hyrcanus the high priest of the Jews。〃 Nay；
the same Strabo says thus again； in another place； in the name of
Hypsicrates； that 〃Mithridates at first went out alone； but that
Antipater； who had the care of the Jewish affairs； was called by
him to Askelon； and that he had gotten ready three thousand
soldiers to go along with him； and encouraged other governors of
the country to go along with him also； and that Hyrcanus the high
priest was also present in this expedition。〃 This is what Strabo
says。
4。 But Antigonus； the son of Aristobulus； came at this time to
Caesar； and lamented his father's fate； and complained； that it
was by Antipater's means that Aristobulus was taken off by
poison； and his brother was beheaded by Scipio； and desired that
he would take pity of him who had been ejected out of that
principality which was due to him。 He also accused Hyrcanus and
Antipater as governing the nation by violence； and offering
injuries to himself。 Antipater was present； and made his defense
as to the accusations that were laid against him。 He demonstrated
that Antigonus and his party were given to innovation； and were
seditious persons。 He also put Caesar in mind what difficult
services he had undergone when he assisted him in his wars； and
discoursed about what he was a witness of himself。 He added； that
Aristobulus was justly carried away to Rome； as one that was an
enemy to the Romans； and could never be brought to be a friend to
them； and that his brother had no more than he deserved from
Scipio； as being seized in committing robberies； and that this
punishment was not inflicted on him in a way of violence or
injustice by him that did it。
5。 When Antipater had made this speech； Caesar appointed Hyrcauus
to be high priest； and gave Antipater what principality he
himself should choose； leaving the determination to himself； so
he made him procurator of Judea。 He also gave Hyrcanus leave to
raise up the walls of his own city； upon his asking that favor of
him； for they had been demolished by Pompey。 And this grant he
sent to the consuls to Rome； to be engraven in the capitol。 The
decree of the senate was this that follows： （13） 〃Lucius
Valerius； the son of Lucius the praetor； referred this to the
senate； upon the Ides of December； in the temple of Concord。
There were present at the writing of this decree Lucius Coponius；
the son of Lucius of the Colline tribe； and Papirius of the
Quirine tribe； concerning the affairs which Alexander； the son of
Jason； and Numenius； the son of Antiochus； and Alexander； the son
of Dositheus； ambassadors of the Jews； good and worthy men；
proposed； who came to renew that league of goodwill and
friendship with the Romans which was in being before。 They also
brought a shield of gold； as a mark of confederacy； valued at
fifty thousand pieces of gold； and desired that letters might be
given them； directed both to the free cities and to the kings；
that their country and their havens might be at peace； and that
no one among them might receive any injury。 It therefore pleased
＇the senate＇ to make a league of friendship and good…will with
them； and to bestow on them whatsoever they stood in need of； and
to accept of the shield which was brought by them。 This was done
in the ninth year of Hyrcanus the high priest and ethnarch； in
the month Panemus。〃 Hyreanus also received honors from the people
of Athens； as having been useful to them on many occasions。 And
when they wrote to him； they sent him this decree； as it here
follows 〃Under the prutaneia and priesthood of Dionysius； the son
of Esculapius； on the fifth day of the latter part of the month
Panemus； this decree of the Athenians was given to their
commanders； when Agathocles was archon； and Eucles； the son of
Menander of Alimusia； was the scribe。 In the month Munychion； on
the eleventh day of the prutaneia； a council of the presidents
was held in the theater。 Dorotheus the high priest； and the
fellow presidents with him； put it to the vote of the people。
Dionysius； the son of Dionysius； gave the sentence。 Since
Hyrcanus； the son of Alexander； the high priest and ethnareh of
the Jews； continues to bear good…will to our people in general；
and to every one of our citizens in particular； and treats them
with all sorts of kindness； and when any of the Athenians come to
him； either as ambassadors； or on any occasion of their own； he
receives them in an obliging manner； and sees that they are
conducted back in safety； of which we have had several former
testimonies； it is now also decreed； at the report of Theodosius；
the son of Theodorus； and upon his putting the people in mind of
the virtue of this man； and that his purpose is to do us all the
good that is in his power； to honor him with a crown of gold； the
usual reward according to the law； and to erect his statue in
brass in the temple of Demus and of the Graces； and that this
present of a crown shall be proclaimed publicly in the theater；
in the Dionysian shows； while the new tragedies are acting； and
in the Panathenean； and Eleusinian； and Gymnical shows also； and
that the commanders shall take care； while he continues in his
friendship； and preserves his good…will to us； to return all
possible honor and favor to the man for his affection and
generosity； that by this treatment it may appear how our people
receive the good kindly； and repay them a suitable reward； and he
may be induced to proceed in his affection towards us； by the
honors we have already paid him。 That ambassadors be also chosen
out of all the Athenians； who shall carry this decree to him； and
desire him to accept of the honors we do him； and to endeavor
always to be doing some good to our city。〃 And this shall suffice
us to have spoken as to the honors that were paid by the Romans
and the people of Athens to Hyrcanus。
CHAPTER 9。
How Antipater Committed The Care Of Galilee To Herod； And That Of
Jerusalem To Phasaelus； As Also How Herod Upon The Jews' Envy At
Antipater Was Accused Before Hyrcanus。
1。 Now when Caesar had settled the affairs of Syria； he sailed
away。 And as soon as Antipater had conducted Caesar out of Syria；
he returned to Judea。 He then immediately raised up the wall
which had been thrown down by Pompey； and； by coming thither； he
pacified that tumult which had been in the country； and this by
both threatening and advising them to be quiet； for that if they
would be of Hyrcanus's side； they would live happily； and lead
their lives without disturbance； and in the enjoyment of their
own possessions； but if they were addicted to the hopes of what
might come by innovation； and aimed to get wealth thereby； they
should have him a severe master instead of a gentle governor； and
Hyrcanus a tyrant instead of a king； and the Romans； together
with Caesar； their bitter enemies instead of rulers； for that
they would never bear him to be set aside whom they had appointed
to govern。 And when Antipater had said this to them； he himself
settled the affairs of this country。
2。 And seeing that Hyrcanus was of a slow and slothful temper； he
made Phasaelus； his eldest son； governor of Jerusalem； and of the
places that were about it； but committed Galilee to Herod； his
next son； who was then a very young man； for he was but fifteen
years of age （14） But that youth of his was no impediment to him；
but as he was a youth of great mind； he presently met with an
opportunity of signalizing his courage； for finding that there
was one Hezekiah； a captain of a band of robbers； who overran the
neighboring parts of Syria with a great troop of them； he seized
him and slew him； as well as a great number of the other robbers
that were with him； for which action he was greatly beloved by
the Syrians； for when they were very desirous to have their
country freed from this nest of robbers； he purged it of them。 So
they sung songs in his commendation in their villages and cities；
as having procured them peace； and the secure enjoyment of their
possessions； and on this account it was that he became known to
Sextus Caesar； who was a relation of the great Caesar； and was
now president of Syria。 Now Phasaetus； Herod's brother； was moved
with emulation at his actions； and envied the fame be had thereby
gotten； and became ambitious not to be behindhand with him in
deserving it。 So he made the inhabitants of Jerusalem bear him
the greatest good…will while he held the city himself； but did
neither manage its affairs improperly； nor abuse his authority
therein。 This conduct procured from the nation to Antipater such
respect as is due to kings； and such honors as he might partake
of if he were an absolute lord of the country。 Yet did not this
splendor of his； as frequently happens； in the least diminish in
him that kindness and fidelity which he owed to Hyrcanus。
3。 But now the principal men among the Jews； when they saw
Antipater and his sons to grow so much in the good…will the
nation bare to them； and in the revenues which they received out
of Judea； and out of Hyrcanus's own wealth； they became
ill…disposed to him； for indeed Antipater had contracted a
friendship with the Roman emperors； and when he had prevailed
with Hyrcanus to send them money； he took it to himself； and
purloined the present intended； and sent it as if it were his
own； and not Hyrcanus's gift to them。 Hyrcanus heard of this his
management； but took no care about it； nay； he rather was very
glad of it。 But the chief men of the Jews were therefore in fear；
because they saw that Herod was a violent and bold man； and very
desirous of acting tyrannically； so they came to Hyrcanus； and
now accused Antipater openly； and said to him； 〃How long wilt
thou be quiet under such actions as are now done？ Or dost thou
not see that Antipater and his sons have already seized upon the
government； and that it is only the name of a king which is given
thee？ But do not thou suffer these things to be hidden from thee；
nor do thou think to escape danger by being so careless of
thyself and of thy kingdom； for Antipater and