the antiquities of the jews-1- 第140部分

3。　About　this　time　it　was　that　Darius　heard　how　Alexander　had
passed　over　the　Hellespont；　and　had　beaten　his　lieutenants　in　the
battle　at　Granicum；　and　was　proceeding　further；　whereupon　he
gathered　together　an　army　of　horse　and　foot；　and　determined　that
he　would　meet　the　Macedonians　before　they　should　assault　and
conquer　all　Asia。　So　he　passed　over　the　river　Euphrates；　and　came
over　Taurus；　the　Cilician　mountain；　and　at　Issus　of　Cilicia　he
waited　for　the　enemy；　as　ready　there　to　give　him　battle。　Upon
which　Sanballat　was　glad　that　Darius　was　come　down；　and　told
Manasseh　that　he　would　suddenly　perform　his　promises　to　him；　and
this　as　soon　as　ever　Darius　should　come　back；　after　he　had　beaten
his　enemies；　for　not　he　only；　but　all　those　that　were　in　Asia
also；　were　persuaded　that　the　Macedonians　would　not　so　much　as
come　to　a　battle　with　the　Persians；　on　account　of　their
multitude。　But　the　event　proved　otherwise　than　they　expected；　for
the　king　joined　battle　with　the　Macedonians；　and　was　beaten；　and
lost　a　great　part　of　his　army。　His　mother　also；　and　his　wife　and
children；　were　taken　captives；　and　he　fled　into　Persia。　So
Alexander　came　into　Syria；　and　took　Damascus；　and　when　he　had
obtained　Sidon；　he　besieged　Tyre；　when　he　sent　all　epistle　to　the
Jewish　high　priest；　to　send　him　some　auxiliaries；　and　to　supply
his　army　with　provisions；　and　that　what　presents　he　formerly　sent
to　Darius；　he　would　now　send　to　him；　and　choose　the　friendship　of
the　Macedonians；　and　that　he　should　never　repent　of　so　doing。　But
the　high　priest　answered　the　messengers；　that　he　had　given　his
oath　to　Darius　not　to　bear　arms　against　him；　and　he　said　that　he
would　not　transgress　this　while　Darius　was　in　the　land　of　the
living。　Upon　hearing　this　answer；　Alexander　was　very　angry；　and
though　he　determined　not　to　leave　Tyre；　which　was　just　ready　to
be　taken；　yet　as　soon　as　he　had　taken　it；　he　threatened　that　he
would　make　an　expedition　against　the　Jewish　high　priest；　and
through　him　teach　all　men　to　whom　they　must　keep　their　oaths。　So
when　he　had；　with　a　good　deal　of　pains　during　the　siege；　taken
Tyre；　and　had　settled　its　affairs；　he　came　to　the　city　of　Gaza；
and　besieged　both　the　city　and　him　that　was　governor　of　the
garrison；　whose　name　was　Babemeses。

4。　But　Sanballat　thought　he　had　now　gotten　a　proper　opportunity
to　make　his　attempt；　so　he　renounced　Darius；　and　taking　with　him
seven　thousand　of　his　own　subjects；　he　came　to　Alexander；　and
finding　him　beginning　the　siege　of　Tyre；　he　said　to　him；　that　he
delivered　up　to　him　these　men；　who　came　out　of　places　under　his
dominion；　and　did　gladly　accept　of　him　for　his　lord　instead　of
Darius。　So　when　Alexander　had　received　him　kindly；　Sanballat
thereupon　took　courage；　and　spake　to　him　about　his　present
affair。　He　told　him　that　he　had　a　son…in…law；　Manasseh；　who　was
brother　to　the　high　priest　Jaddua；　and　that　there　were　many
others　of　his　own　nation；　now　with　him；　that　were　desirous　to
have　a　temple　in　the　places　subject　to　him；　that　it　would　be　for
the　king's　advantage　to　have　the　strength　of　the　Jews　divided
into　two　parts；　lest　when　the　nation　is　of　one　mind；　and　united；
upon　any　attempt　for　innovation；　it　prove　troublesome　to　kings；
as　it　had　formerly　proved　to　the　kings　of　Assyria。　Whereupon
Alexander　gave　Sanballat　leave　so　to　do；　who　used　the　utmost
diligence；　and　built　the　temple；　and　made　Manasseh　the　priest；
and　deemed　it　a　great　reward　that　his　daughter's　children　should
have　that　dignity；　but　when　the　seven　months　of　the　siege　of　Tyre
were　over；　and　the　two　months　of　the　siege　of　Gaza；　Sanballat
died。　Now　Alexander；　when　he　had　taken　Gaza；　made　haste　to　go　up
to　Jerusalem；　and　Jaddua　the　high　priest；　when　he　heard　that；　was
in　an　agony；　and　under　terror；　as　not　knowing　how　he　should　meet
the　Macedonians；　since　the　king　was　displeased　at　his　foregoing
disobedience。　He　therefore　ordained　that　the　people　should　make
supplications；　and　should　join　with　him　in　offering　sacrifice　to
God；　whom　he　besought　to　protect　that　nation；　and　to　deliver　them
from　the　perils　that　were　coming　upon　them；　whereupon　God　warned
him　in　a　dream；　which　came　upon　him　after　he　had　offered
sacrifice；　that　he　should　take　courage；　and　adorn　the　city；　and
open　the　gates；　that　the　rest　should　appear　in　white　garments；
but　that　he　and　the　priests　should　meet　the　king　in　the　habits
proper　to　their　order；　without　the　dread　of　any　ill　consequences；
which　the　providence　of　God　would　prevent。　Upon　which；　when　he
rose　from　his　sleep；　he　greatly　rejoiced；　and　declared　to　all　the
warning　he　had　received　from　God。　According　to　which　dream　he
acted　entirely；　and　so　waited　for　the　coming　of　the　king。

5。　And　when　he　understood　that　he　was　not　far　from　the　city；　he
went　out　in　procession；　with　the　priests　and　the　multitude　of　the
citizens。　The　procession　was　venerable；　and　the　manner　of　it
different　from　that　of　other　nations。　It　reached　to　a　place
called　Sapha；　which　name；　translated　into　Greek；　signifies　a
prospect；　for　you　have　thence　a　prospect　both　of　Jerusalem　and　of
the　temple。　And　when　the　Phoenicians　and　the　Chaldeans　that
followed　him　thought　they　should　have　liberty　to　plunder　the
city；　and　torment　the　high　priest　to　death；　which　the　king's
displeasure　fairly　promised　them；　the　very　reverse　of　it
happened；　for　Alexander；　when　he　saw　the　multitude　at　a　distance；
in　white　garments；　while　the　priests　stood　clothed　with　fine
linen；　and　the　high　priest　in　purple　and　scarlet　clothing；　with
his　mitre　on　his　head；　having　the　golden　plate　whereon　the　name
of　God　was　engraved；　he　approached　by　himself；　and　adored　that
name；　and　first　saluted　the　high　priest。　The　Jews　also　did　all
together；　with　one　voice；　salute　Alexander；　and　encompass　him
about；　whereupon　the　kings　of　Syria　and　the　rest　were　surprised
at　what　Alexander　had　done；　and　supposed　him　disordered　in　his
mind。　However；　Parmenio　alone　went　up　to　him；　and　asked　him　how
it　came　to　pass　that；　when　all　others　adored　him；　he　should　adore
the　high　priest　of　the　Jews？　To　whom　he　replied；　〃I　did　not　adore
him；　but　that　God　who　hath　honored　him　with　his　high　priesthood；
for　I　saw　this　very　person　in　a　dream；　in　this　very　habit；　when　I
was　at　Dios　in　Macedonia；　who；　when　I　was　considering　with　myself
how　I　might　obtain　the　dominion　of　Asia；　exhorted　me　to　make　no
delay；　but　boldly　to　pass　over　the　sea　thither；　for　that　he　would
conduct　my　army；　and　would　give　me　the　dominion　over　the
Persians；　whence　it　is　that；　having　seen　no　other　in　that　habit；
and　now　seeing　this　person　in　it；　and　remembering　that　vision；
and　the　exhortation　which　I　had　in　my　dream；　I　believe　that　I
bring　this　army　under　the　Divine　conduct；　and　shall　therewith
conquer　Darius；　and　destroy　the　power　of　the　Persians；　and　that
all　things　will　succeed　according　to　what　is　in　my　own　mind。〃　And
when　he　had　said　this　to　Parmenio；　and　had　given　the　high　priest
his　right　hand；　the　priests　ran　along　by　him；　and　he　came　into
the　city。　And　when　he　went　up　into　the　temple；　he　offered
sacrifice　to　God；　according　to　the　high　priest's　direction；　and
magnificently　treated　both　the　high　priest　and　the　priests。　And
when　the　Book　of　Daniel　was　showed　him　（23）　wherein　Daniel
declared　that　one　of　the　Greeks　should　destroy　the　empire　of　the
Persians；　he　supposed　that　himself　was　the　person　intended。　And
as　he　was　then　glad；　he　dismissed　the　multitude　for　the　present；
but　the　next　day　he　called　them　to　him；　and　bid　them　ask　what
favors　they　pleased　of　him；　whereupon　the　high　priest　desired
that　they　might　enjoy　the　laws　of　their　forefathers；　and　might
pay　no　tribute　on　the　seventh　year。　He　granted　all　they　desired。
And　when　they　entreared　him　that　he　would　permit　the　Jews　in
Babylon　and　Media　to　enjoy　their　own　laws　also；　he　willingly
promised　to　do　hereafter　what　they　desired。　And　when　he　said　to
the　multitude；　that　if　any　of　them　would　enlist　themselves　in　his
army；　on　this　condition；　that　they　should　continue　under　the　laws
of　their　forefathers；　and　live　according　to　them；　he　was　willing
to　take　them　with　him；　many　were　ready　to　accompany　him　in　his
wars。

6。　So　when　Alexander　had　thus　settled　matters　at　Jerusalem；　he
led　his　army　into　the　neighboring　cities；　and　when　all　the
inhabitants　to　whom　he　came　received　him　with　great　kindness；　the
Samaritans；　who　had　then　Shechem　for　their　metropolis；　（a　city
situate　at　Mount　Gerizzim；　and　inhabited　by　apostates　of　the
Jewish　nation；）　seeing　that　Alexander　had　so　greatly　honored　the
Jews；　determined　to　profess　themselves　Jews；　for　such　is　the
disposition　of　the　Samaritans；　as　we　have　already　elsewhere
declared；　that　when　the　Jews　are　in　adversity；　they　deny　that
they　are　of　kin　to　them；　and　then　they　confess　the　truth；　but
when　they　perceive　that　some　good　fortune　hath　befallen　them；
they　immediately　pretend　to　have　communion　with　them；　saying　that
they　belong　to　them；　and　derive　their　genealogy　from　the
posterity　of　Joseph；　Ephraim；　and　Manasseh。　Accordingly；　they
made　their　address　to　the　king　with　splendor；　and　showed　great
alacrity　in　meeting　him　at　a　little　distance　from　Jerusalem。　And
when　Alexander　had　commended　them；　the　Shechemites　approached　to
him；　taking　with　them　the　troops　that　Sanballat　had　sent　him；　and
they　desired　that　he　would　come　to　their　city；　and　do　honor　to
their　temple　also；　to　whom　he　promised；　that　when　he　returned　he
would　come　to　them。　And　when　they　petitioned　that　he　would　remit
the　tribute　of　the　seventh　year　to　them；　because　they　did　but　sow
thereon；　he　asked　who　they　were　that　made　such　a　petition；　and
when　they　said　that　they　were　Hebrews；　but　had　the　name　of
Sidonians；　living　at　Shechem；　he　asked　them　again　whether　they
were　Jews；　and　when　they　said　they　were　not　Jews；　〃It　was　to　the
Jews；〃　said　he；　〃that　I　granted　that　privilege；　however；　when　I
return；　and　am　thoroughly　informed　by　you　of　this　matter；　I　will
do　what　I　shall　think　proper。〃　And　in　this　manner　he　took　leave
of　the　Shechenlites；　but　ordered　that　the　troops　of　Sanballat
should　follow　him　into　Egypt；　because　there　he　designed　to　give
them　lands；　which　he　did　a　little　after　in　Thebais；　when　he
ordered　them　to　guard　that　country。

7。　Now　when　Alexander　was　dead；　the