Chrysippus。〃Cicero； De Natura Deor。； iii。 2。＇
God knows； in the present quarrel of our civil war； where there are a
hundred articles to dash out and to put in； great and very considerable；
how many there are who can truly boast； they have exactly and perfectly
weighed and understood the grounds and reasons of the one and the other
party； 'tis a number； if they make any number； that would be able to give
us very little disturbance。 But what becomes of all the rest； under what
ensigns do they march； in what quarter do they lie？ Theirs have the same
effect with other weak and ill…applied medicines； they have only set the
humours they would purge more violently in work； stirred and exasperated
by the conflict； and left them still behind。 The potion was too weak to
purge； but strong enough to weaken us； so that it does not work； but we
keep it still in our bodies； and reap nothing from the operation but
intestine gripes and dolours。
So it is； nevertheless； that Fortune still reserving her authority in
defiance of whatever we are able to do or say； sometimes presents us with
a necessity so urgent； that 'tis requisite the laws should a little yield
and give way； and when one opposes the increase of an innovation that
thus intrudes itself by violence； to keep a man's self in so doing； in
all places and in all things within bounds and rules against those who
have the power； and to whom all things are lawful that may in any way
serve to advance their design； who have no other law nor rule but what
serves best to their own purpose； 'tis a dangerous obligation and an
intolerable inequality：
〃Aditum nocendi perfido praestat fides；〃
＇〃Putting faith in a treacherous person； opens the door to
harm。〃 Seneca； OEdip。； act iii。； verse 686。＇
forasmuch as the ordinary discipline of a healthful state does not
provide against these extraordinary accidents； it presupposes a body that
supports itself in its principal members and offices； and a common
consent to its obedience and observation。 A legitimate proceeding is
cold； heavy； and constrained； and not fit to make head against a
headstrong and unbridled proceeding。 'Tis known to be to this day cast
in the dish of those two great men； Octavius and Cato； in the two civil
wars of Sylla and Caesar； that they would rather suffer their country to
undergo the last extremities； than relieve their fellow…citizens at the
expense of its laws； or be guilty of any innovation； for in truth； in
these last necessities； where there is no other remedy； it would；
peradventure； be more discreetly done； to stoop and yield a little to
receive the blow； than； by opposing without possibility of doing good；
to give occasion to violence to trample all under foot； and better to
make the laws do what they can； when they cannot do what they would。
After this manner did he＇Agesilaus。＇ who suspended them for four…and…
twenty hours； and he who； for once shifted a day in the calendar； and
that other ＇Alexander the Great。＇ who of the month of June made a
second of May。 The Lacedaemonians themselves； who were so religious
observers of the laws of their country； being straitened by one of their
own edicts； by which it was expressly forbidden to choose the same man
twice to be admiral； and on the other side； their affairs necessarily
requiring； that Lysander should again take upon him that command； they
made one Aratus admiral； 'tis true； but withal； Lysander went general of
the navy； and； by the same subtlety； one of their ambassadors being sent
to the Athenians to obtain the revocation of some decree； and Pericles
remonstrating to him； that it was forbidden to take away the tablet
wherein a law had once been engrossed； he advised him to turn it only；
that being not forbidden； and Plutarch commends Philopoemen； that being
born to command； he knew how to do it； not only according to the laws；
but also to overrule even the laws themselves； when the public necessity
so required。
CHAPTER XXIII
VARIOUS EVENTS FROM THE SAME COUNSEL
Jacques Amiot； grand almoner of France； one day related to me this story；
much to the honour of a prince of ours （and ours he was upon several very
good accounts； though originally of foreign extraction）；＇The Duc de
Guise； surnamed Le Balafre。＇that in the time of our first commotions；
at the siege of Rouen；＇In 1562＇ this prince； having been advertised
by the queen…mother of a conspiracy against his life； and in her letters
particular notice being given him of the person who was to execute the
business （who was a gentleman of Anjou or of Maine； and who to this
effect ordinarily frequented this prince's house）； discovered not a
syllable of this intelligence to any one whatever； but going the next day
to the St。 Catherine's Mount；＇An eminence outside Rouen overlooking the
Seine。 D。W。＇ from which our battery played against the town （for it
was during the time of the siege）； and having in company with him the
said lord almoner； and another bishop； he saw this gentleman； who had
been denoted to him； and presently sent for him； to whom； being come
before him； seeing him already pale and trembling with the conscience of
his guilt； he thus said； 〃Monsieur；〃 such an one； 〃you guess what I have
to say to you； your countenance discovers it； 'tis in vain to disguise
your practice； for I am so well informed of your business； that it will
but make worse for you； to go about to conceal or deny it： you know very
well such and such passages〃 （which were the most secret circumstances of
his conspiracy）； 〃and therefore be sure； as you tender your own life；
to confess to me the whole truth of the design。〃 The poor man seeing
himself thus trapped and convicted （for the whole business had been
discovered to the queen by one of the accomplices）； was in such a taking；
he knew not what to do； but； folding his hands； to beg and sue for mercy；
he threw himself at his prince's feet； who taking him up； proceeded to
say； 〃Come； sir； tell me； have I at any time done you offence？ or have
I； through private hatred or malice； offended any kinsman or friend of
yours？ It is not above three weeks that I have known you； what
inducement； then； could move you to attempt my death？〃 To which the
gentleman with a trembling voice replied； 〃That it was no particular
grudge he had to his person； but the general interest and concern of his
party； and that he had been put upon it by some who had persuaded him it
would be a meritorious act； by any means； to extirpate so great and so
powerful an enemy of their religion。〃 〃Well；〃 said the prince； 〃I will
now let you see； how much more charitable the religion is that I
maintain； than that which you profess： yours has counselled you to kill
me； without hearing me speak； and without ever having given you any cause
of offence； and mine commands me to forgive you； convict as you are； by
your own confession； of a design to kill me without reason。＇Imitated by
Voltaire。 See Nodier； Questions； p。 165。＇ Get you gone； let me see you
no more； and； if you are wise； choose henceforward honester men for your
counsellors in your designs。〃 ＇Dampmartin； La Fortune de la Coup； liv。
ii。； p。 139＇
The Emperor Augustus；＇This story is taken from Seneca； De Clementia；
i。 9。＇ being in Gaul； had certain information of a conspiracy L。 Cinna
was contriving against him； he therefore resolved to make him an example；
and； to that end； sent to summon his friends to meet the next morning in
counsel。 But the night between he passed in great unquietness of mind；
considering that he was about to put to death a young man； of an
illustrious family； and nephew to the great Pompey； and this made him
break out into several passionate complainings。 〃What then；〃 said he；
〃is it possible that I am to live in perpetual anxiety and alarm； and
suffer my would…be assassin； meantime； to walk abroad at liberty？ Shall
he go unpunished； after having conspired against my life； a life that I
have hitherto defended in so many civil wars； in so many battles by land
and by sea？ And after having settled the universal peace of the whole
world； shall this man be pardoned； who has conspired not only to murder；
but to sacrifice me？〃for the conspiracy was to kill him at sacrifice。
After which； remaining for some time silent； he began again； in louder
tones； and exclaimed against himself； saying： 〃Why livest thou； if it be
for the good of so many that thou shouldst die？ must there be no end of
thy revenges and cruelties？ Is thy life of so great value； that so many
mischiefs must be done to preserve it？〃 His wife Livia； seeing him in
this perplexity： 〃Will you take a woman's counsel？〃 said she。 〃Do as
the physicians do； who； when the ordinary recipes will do no good； make
trial of the contrary。 By severity you have hitherto prevailed nothing；
Lepidus has followed Salvidienus； Murena； Lepidus； Caepio； Murena；
Egnatius； Caepio。 Begin now； and try how sweetness and clemency will
succeed。 Cinna is convict； forgive him； he will never henceforth have
the heart to hurt thee； and it will be an act to thy glory。〃 Augustus
was well pleased that he had met with an advocate of his own humour；
wherefore； having thanked his wife； and； in the morning； countermanded
his friends he had before summoned to council； he commanded Cinna all
alone to be brought to him； who being accordingly come； and a chair by
his appointment set him； having ordered all the rest out of the room； he
spake to him after this manner： 〃In the first place； Cinna； I demand of
thee patient audience； do not interrupt me in what I am about to say； and
I will afterwards give thee time and leisure to answer。 Thou knowest；
Cinna； ＇This passage； borrowed from Seneca； has been paraphrased in
verse by Corneille。 See Nodier； Questions de la Literature llgale； 1828；
pp。 7； 160。 The monologue of Augustus in this chapter is also from
Seneca。 Ibid。； 164。＇ that having taken thee prisoner in the enemy's
camp； and thou an enemy； not only so become； but born so； I gave thee thy
life； restored to thee all thy goods； and； finally； put thee in so good a
posture； by my bounty； of living well and at thy ease； that the
victo