and California to the north； will all find a market down the
Colorado。 Property in this new city is held at high rates； and by
the last San Francisco News Letter is quoted at an advance。 The
population of Arizona Territory has much increased within a few
months by emigration from California。 The massacre of Henry A。
Crabbe and his party by the Mexicans at Cavorca created a desire
for revenge throughout all California。 Companies have been
formed； and large parties are settling in Arizona； near the
Mexican line； with the ulterior object of overrunning Sonora； and
revenging the tragedy in which was shed some of the best blood of
the State。 The appropriation by the last Congress of two hundred
thousand dollars for the construction of a wagon road from El
Paso to Fort Yuma； and the two mail contracts； semi…monthly and
semi…weekly； which involve an expenditure of nine hundred
thousand dollars per annum； will afford employment to a host of
people； and draw at once to the neighborhood of the route an
active and energetic population。 The new wagon and mail route
traverses the Territory of Arizona throughout its entire length。
Along the mail route； at intervals； military posts will be
established。 These and the necessary grazing stations will create
points around which settlements will at once grow up； and the
country； now bare； will show everywhere thriving villages。 The
Southern Pacific Railroad； which will be built because it is
necessary to the country； will find its way easily through
Arizona。
It is no exaggeration to say that the mining companies； in their
own interest； will be forced to subscribe enough to the stock of
the company to insure its success。 The Arizona Copper Mining
Company is now paying 100 per ton for the transportation of its
ores from the mines to Colorado city。 One year's freight money at
this rate would build many miles of the road。 The silver mining
companies will be only too glad to get their ores to market at so
cheap a rate； as their proportion of the subscription to the
railroad。 Iron and coal are both found in the Territory；the
former especially in great abundance。 Texas has guaranteed the
road to El Paso； by her generous legislation； Arizona will build
it； with her mineral wealth； to Fort Yuma； the eastern boundary
of California； and California will do the rest。 The first
terminus of the Southern Pacific Railroad will doubt less be on
the Gulf of California； at the Island of Tiburon； or more
probably Guyamas。 A steam ferry across the Gulf； a short railroad
across the peninsula of Lower California to a secure harbor on
the Pacific； （where a steamer will take passengers and freight in
four days to San Francisco；） is the most natural course of this
route。 In view of this probability； all the available points for
such a terminus on the Gulf have been； or are in progress of
being； secured by capitalists； either by obtaining grants from
the Mexican Government； or by purchase from private individuals。
Already Guyamas is owned in great part by English and American
capitalists。 A port on the Gulf of California is necessary to our
Pacific possessions； and must be ours sooner or later。 The longer
it is delayed； the worse for American progress on the Pacific。
Arizona needs it at once； as a depot for the export of her ores；
and for the import of goods for the supply of her population。
The Mormon war has closed for years the great emigrant road to
California and Oregon； over the South Pass and Salt Lake valley；
leaving open only the route along the 32d parallel of latitude；
through Arizona。 This route is by far the most practicable at all
seasons of the year； and the closing of the South Pass route by
the Mormon difficulty is an additional and urgent argument in
favor of the early organization of this Territory。 Fifty thousand
souls will move towards the Pacific early in the spring； if the
route is opened to a secure passage。
The present condition of Arizona Territory is deplorable in the
extreme。 Throughout the whole country there is no redress for
crimes or civil injuries…﹏o courts； no law； no magistrates。 The
Territory of New Mexico； to which it is attached by an act of
Congress； affords it neither protection nor sustenance。 The
following extracts from letters received by the writer tell the
story of the necessity for early action on the part of Congress；
in urgent terms。
TUBAC； GADSDEN PURCHASE； August 15； 1857。
Affairs in the Territory have not improved。 A party of Americans
（our countrymen） had made an 〃excursion〃 into Sonora； captured a
train of mules； and killed several Mexicans。 Upon their return to
the Territory with their ill…gotten booty； the citizens formed a
company and took the property away from them； and returned it to
the owners in Magdalena； ＇a town of Sonora┅Ed。＇ and delivered
the robbers up to Major Steen； commanding first dragoons； to be
held in custody until Courts should be organized。 They have again
been turned loose upon the community。 In justice to Major
Fitzgerald I must say he was in favor of retaining them in
custody； and has generally maintained favoring law and order in
the Territory； but as he is only second in command he has no
absolute authority。
We have no remedy but to follow the example so wide spread in the
Union； and form a 〃Vigilance Committee〃contrary to all good
morals； law； order； and society。 Can you do nothing to induce the
government to establish authority and law in this country； and
avert this unhappy alternative？
It is not desired by any good citizens； and tends to anarchy and
mobocracy； causing disloyalty in our own citizens and bringing
the reproach of foreigners upon our republican institutions。 It
is impossible to progress in developing the resources of the
country under this state of affairs。 The greatest objection the
capitalists of San Francisco have to aiding me in the development
of silver mines； is the insecurity of property； want of
protection from government； and general distrust of fair and
honest legislation。
They have no confidence that the guarantees of the GADSDEN TREATY
will be respected by the United States； in regard to land titles
under the Mexican government。
The silver ore brought to San Francisco from our mines； has been
tested by a dozen different officers； in as many different ways；
and no result falls BELOW FIVE THOUSAND DOLLARS PER TON OF ORE。
Senator Gwin goes on to Washington soon； and will corroborate my
statements。 He has a piece of the silver； the first smelted in
San Francisco； showing 8；735 20EIGHT THOUSAND SEVEN HUNDRED
AND THIRTY…FIVE 20…100 DOLLARS PER TON OF ORE。 Mr。 Dunbar is
getting the petition to Congress signedand moving in the
affairs of the Territory in connection with Mr。 Ehrenberg and our
friendsbut the government came near 〃crushing us out〃 by
sending a Custom House Collector to consume and destroy what
little we had saved from the Apaches。 Can nothing be done to rid
us of a Custom House？ It is no protection。 The Territory （as yet）
produces nothing but mineralsand we have to pay duty upon every
article of consumption。 This is a very onerous tax upon our first
feeble efforts to develop the resources of this remote and
unprotected country。
Very truly yours； C。 D。 Poston。
To Lieut。 Mowry； U。 S。 A。； Washington； D。 C。
〃We are living without the protection of law or the ameliorations
of society。 New Mexico affords us no protection。 We have not even
received an order for election。 Every one goes armed to the
teeth； and a difficulty is sure to prove fatal。 In this state of
affairs it is impossible to hold a convention。〃
Tueson； Oct。 1； 1857。
We are pleased to hear that the prospect for Arizona is so
bright。 If you should succeed in getting a separate organization
for Arizona； you will lay the people under many obligations to
you。 You have no doubt received many petitions for Congress； and
also your certificate of election as delegate for this purchase。
You received the entire vote； there was no difference of opinion
among the voters。
Your ob't serv't； J。 A。 Douglas。
Lt。 Mowry； U。 S。 A。 Tueson； Oct。 25； 1857。
I send you the last petition from the Territory。 The work is now
in your hands； and we say； God speed it。
G。 H。 Oury。
Tueson； Arizona Territory； Oct。 17； 1857。
Every thing begins to look up in the Territory notwithstanding
the difficulties we labor under。 The Indians the other day came
within eight hundred yards of Fort Buchanan and remained some
time； and when they left carried off with them all the horses and
mules in the valley for six or eight miles below。 Try your hand
in this matter of our Territory； and see if some change cannot be
wrought to some benefitwe need it greatly。
Very truly yours； G。 H。 Oury。
孴ueson； Oct。 2； 1857。
We have heard from Mesilla and they fully concur with us in all
we have done； showing that you are the person chosen to act for
them and to represent their interest in this matter。 The people
here are very much elated at the turn things are taking； and
every one seems to be highly pleased with the course you have
pursued。 An election was held on the first Monday in September；
at which you received all the votes given； and a certificate of
your election； signed by the judges and clerks； has been
forwarded to you。 The country is being settled very fast； and
there is somewhat of a stir to obtain cultivated lands。 The lands
already under cultivation are now fifty per cent。 higher than a
short time back。 The great misfortune we labor under is want of
protection。 Thousands and thousands of acres of land； as rich and
fertile as any on the face of the globe； lie idle and useless
because they are not protected from the Apaches。 We want only one
thing besides the Territorial organization； and that is
PROTECTION。
Very truly yours； S。 Warner。
Oct。 8； 1857。
The guerilla warfare on the Sonora frontier continues with
increased aggravation。 We look for the happiest result from the
exploration of this interesting region of the Colorado； about to
be explored by Lieut。 Ives； U。 S。 A。 The ores from the
Heintzelman mine took the premium at the mechanics' fair in San
Francisco； just closed